One of the most significant environmental problem that needed to be identified and managed is the intrusion of salty water into the aquifers. Human actions, such as excessive irrigation pumping, as well as the rising sea level, have generated a vulnerable state for seawater intrusion into aquifers. Six effective factors have been focused on evaluating seawater intrusion of groundwater Dibdibba aquifer in Basrah, south of Iraq mainly based on the GALDIT-GIS model involving the groundwater occurrence, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, groundwater levels above sea level, distance to shoreline, impact the existing status of seawater intrusion, and thickness of the aquifer. Water samples were collected for 19 wells over the area concerned. Chemical parameters including SO₄²ˉ, Clˉ, and Total Dissolved Solids were applied for modeling in addition to measuring depth to groundwater level. The results of the GALDIT model showed that the Dibdibba aquifer revealed three levels of vulnerabilities arranged according to risks: a high level which occupied Umm Qasr area and the near distance of Khor Al-Zubair to shoreline with an area of 76.87 Km² and 82.56 Km², moderate level represented the long distance of Khor Al-Zubair to shoreline and Safwan areas about 205.21Km² and 196.61 Km², and low level represented Al-Muwailihat area with 139.65Km² and 142.61 Km² for the wet and dry season, respectively.

A hybrid model of two multi-criteria decision making techniques specifically, the analytical hierarchy process method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution method was proposed to select the best site for constructing an underground dam to control the groundwater table rising or water-logging in the center of Al-Zubair city, southern Iraq. Six influencing factors were selected and prepared depending on the nature of the problem to be resolved the siting of the underground dam, and data availability. These are elevation, slope, curvature, aquifer transmissivity and specific yield, and distance to the water-logging body. Applying the hybrid system proved that approximately 50% of the study area is suitable for constructing the underground dam. Due to the expected high cost of constructing an underground dam in the study area as well as the technical challenges in implementing the project, the proposed design is digging a trench with limited width (meter or half a meter) and shallow depth (not more than 5 m) and fill the hole with an impermeable material (clay for example). It is preferred to drill wells in the headwater of the dam for pumping excess water and used it for another usage.

The discovery of coral reefs in Iraqi marine waters is a new event in 2012 and it covers an area of approximately 28 km2 at the southern end of Khor Al-Amia. A team of divers from the German Freiburg Institute for Mining and Technology and Marine Science Center at the University of Basra were able to find coral reefs in the NW part of the Arabian Gulf. The aim of this article is to study fauna assemblages and try to understand the relationship between the accumulation of sediments and fauna assemblages in the Coral Reef area NW of the Arabian Gulf, southern of Iraq. Four surface samples of sediments of the area were studied and determined the relationship between the types of texture and the amount of fauna and shell fragments. Mollusca was chosen from among the existing groups of fauna due to the great number of species and large sizes, also Bryozoa studied in the region. The sand texture is predominant in the sediments of the area and the sand ratio was between 55-97% most of their grains are fine and round. The sediments of the region were distinguished by a high percentage of shells between 24–69% from the total percentage of sand. The phenomenon of multiple colors of sand and fauna revealed this due to the presence of minerals and oxides, impurities and pollution in the region, and genetic factors concerning fauna. Many species were diagnosed in the sediments of the region, reaching 62 species of Mollusca and Bryozoa. Mollusca is classified into three types (Gastropod, Pelecypoda and Scaphopoda). Some species were recorded for the first time in the region such as Japonactaeonpusillus, Cylichna cylindracea and Cuna majeeda.

The current study is focused on the groundwater modeling with three scenarios as future plans to find a suitable solution for the problem at Al-Jahza Camp south east of Al-Zubair town, south of Iraq. The objective of the study is find out a numerical model for simulating the behavior of the groundwater flow using (MODFLOW) software. The model was calibrated in the steady and transient states for four randomly distributed monitored wells in the study area with 21 stress periods. Suitable match was obtained from the comparison between the levels of the observed and calculated heads. The model was simulated to control the water-logging. The water level of the simulated head remains extremely constant in condition of constructing the underground barrier. By Supposing of digging wells and increasing the water pumping with an average of 432 and 216 m/day, the head level at exceeding extraction with constructed subsurface barrier decreased more than the head level in case of increasing the water pumping with no subsurface barrier to reach 35-40 cm and 45-50 cm respectively, and to enhance the benefit to control and decrease the water from waterlogged area in the future.

Seawater intrusion into the groundwater is a major environmental disaster which affects the environment as well as community. This research aims to analyze the seawater intrusion in the Dibdibba coastal aquifer. In this study, researchers used statistical techniques to examine the impact of seawater intrusion in the Dibddiba coastal aquifer in southern Iraq. They collected 15 groundwater samples from pumping wells during wet and dry periods and analyzed those using multivariate statistical analyses and ionic ratios based on the GIS technique. The results showed that there was a strong linear correlation between total dissolved solids (TDS) and several other ions, including Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl− SO−2 4, and NO−3. The principle component analysis revealed two factor loadings, with the first accounting for a significant portion of the total variance and showing a high loading for TDS, Na+, Cl−, SO−2 4, Mg2+, Ca2+, and NO−3. The second factor had a high loading for K+. The seawater influence was detected in 33.33 percent of the low zone groundwater, 26.66 percent of the moderate zone groundwater, and 40 percent of the high zone groundwater that was studied. Eighty and sixty-seven percent of the groundwater samples, respectively, belonged to the seawater field as Na-Cl type, as shown by Chadha’s graphic, demonstrating the effect of seawater intrusion. Also, during the wet time, 20% of the samples belonged to the reverse ion exchange water field as Ca-Mg-Cl type, but during the dry period, 33.3% did. This is further evidence of the impact of seawater intrusion.