Introduction: Venipuncture in pediatrics is one of the most distressing events and the most routinely performed invasive procedures that the child may expose during his/her hospitalization or illness. Non-pharmacological techniques are used to reduce venipuncture related pain. Distraction is a non-pharmacological technique that draws attention of the child away from the pain. Cutaneous stimulation is an independent nursing intervention that advocated relieving pain. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the interactive distraction versus cutaneous stimulation for venipuncture pain relief in school age children.Method: Design: Quasi experimental study was used. Setting: the study was conducted at Children Hospital that is affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Data was collected from Emergency and Pediatric Medical Ward. Sampling: purposive samples of 100 children were involved in this study they were divided into 2 equal groups, 50 children in each group. Tools of data collection, Tool 1: questionnaire sheet, Tool 2: Pain assessment tool, Tool 3: monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation were done 15 minutes before vein-puncture and 15 minutes after vein-puncture. Results:The results revealed statistical significance difference between cutaneous stimulation and interactive distraction group. Conclusion:The present study concludes that; interactive distraction technique had a positive pain relive effect and was better than cutaneous stimulation in relieving children's pain during vein-puncture. There is significant difference between the effect of cutaneous stimulation and distraction techniques on children's pain during vein-puncture. Recommendations: Application of non-pharmacological pain management in hospitals as a routine care, and further studies needed to evaluate the effectiveness of other non-pharmacological management techniques.

Birth weight is an important factor in delivery management. Antenatal ultrasound has turned out to be one of the clinicians' most vital devices for surveying fetal age, growth and prosperity. Contrasted Physical examination of the pregnant uterus is the most precise strategy for evaluating fetal size and growth along with the utilization of ultrasound imaging and estimating of the different fetal parameters. Objective: To evaluates the antenatal assessments of fetal weight in pregnancies by using Johnson's formula, Hadlock's formula and Ultrasonography. Comparison of these different methods with the actual birth weight of these babies after delivered. Material and methods: Two hundred singleton term pregnancies within 48 hours were randomly selected to participate in this prospective cohort study. Variables included such as abdominal circumference, Biparietal diameter, and Femur length. (Parameters to obtain estimated fetal weight) Results: The mean birth weight of Hadlock formula is closest to the mean of actual birth weight. In the study population, more primigravida delivered babies with very low birth weight and more multigravida delivered babies of birth weight > 3500 gms. Johnson's and ultrasound-Hadlock's formula had a marked tendency to overestimate the fetal weight. Error was within 350 Gms in 84.7%, 70.8% and 84% of cases by Dare's, Johnson's and ultrasound-Hadlock's formula.

Background: Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by a chronic hemolytic anemia that contributes to painful crises. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by production of abnormal hemoglobin S and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It may influence the quality of life of children, who may require more frequent hospital care. This study aimed to compare health related quality of life regarding physical and physiological parameters between children suffering from sickle cell Anemia and healthy children. A comparative study that was conducted at Outpatient Clinic and Pediatric Hematological Department in selected hospital at Makkah Al-Mukaramah. A purposive sample composed of 80 children was classified into two groups, 40 healthy children and 40 children suffering from SCD both groups fulfilling certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tools: First tool was an observation checklist that was composed of three parts. Second tool was Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory that was used to assess children's quality of life. Results: Most of the children suffering from SCA had low level of QOL physical, social and emotional wellbeing subcategories as compared to healthy children and statistical significant differences were found. There were statistical significant difference regarding weight, arm circumference physical parameters and respiration, systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation physiological parameter. It was concluded that, sickle cell anemia affect the quality of life of children suffering from it & There are differences in quality of life between children with sickle cell disease and healthy children. Recommendations: Awareness of parents regarding sickle cell disease helps in improving children's quality of life. Develop an educational program for parents regarding the prevention of sickle cell crises.