Effect of interactive distraction versus cutaneous stimulation for venipuncture pain relief in school age children

Abstract

Introduction: Venipuncture in pediatrics is one of the most distressing events and the most routinely performed invasive procedures that the child may expose during his/her hospitalization or illness. Non-pharmacological techniques are used to reduce venipuncture related pain. Distraction is a non-pharmacological technique that draws attention of the child away from the pain. Cutaneous stimulation is an independent nursing intervention that advocated relieving pain. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the interactive distraction versus cutaneous stimulation for venipuncture pain relief in school age children.Method: Design: Quasi experimental study was used. Setting: the study was conducted at Children Hospital that is affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Data was collected from Emergency and Pediatric Medical Ward. Sampling: purposive samples of 100 children were involved in this study they were divided into 2 equal groups, 50 children in each group. Tools of data collection, Tool 1: questionnaire sheet, Tool 2: Pain assessment tool, Tool 3: monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation were done 15 minutes before vein-puncture and 15 minutes after vein-puncture. Results:The results revealed statistical significance difference between cutaneous stimulation and interactive distraction group. Conclusion:The present study concludes that; interactive distraction technique had a positive pain relive effect and was better than cutaneous stimulation in relieving children's pain during vein-puncture. There is significant difference between the effect of cutaneous stimulation and distraction techniques on children's pain during vein-puncture. Recommendations: Application of non-pharmacological pain management in hospitals as a routine care, and further studies needed to evaluate the effectiveness of other non-pharmacological management techniques.

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards

“…Numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of a variety of distraction methods used by parents and health care professionals to relieve medical procedure‐related pain and anxiety, and have been found effective (Inal & Kelleci , Sadeghi et al . , Abd El‐Gawad & Elsayed , Karakaya & Gozen , Meiri et al . , Mutlu & Balcı ).…”

“…, Gupta et al . , Abd El‐Gawad & Elsayed , Karakaya & Gozen , Meiri et al . , Mutlu & Balcı , Moadad et al .…”

“…The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) described pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional state and behaviour that originates from any region of the body, depends on existing or possible tissue damage, or can be identified with this damage, and is affected by past experiences of the individual (IASP , Gupta et al . , Abd El‐Gawad & Elsayed ). Pain is first experienced in childhood and is a common experience for children in all societies around the world (Sadeghi et al .…”

Knowledge, Practice and Beliefs of Pediatric Nurses about Pain

“…The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience from actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (2). It is stated in the literature that children are exposed to many painful interventions such as bleeding from the heifer from the newborn period, vaccination, arterial and venous interventions and so on (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Unmanaged pain can have long-term physiological and psychological consequences, such as increased susceptibility to depression, lower quality of life, reduced independence, and decreased functioning in the activities of daily living (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Effectiveness of Distraction Therapy on Children’s Pain Perceptions During Peripheral Venous Cannulation at Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City

“…the most distressing events and the most usually performed invasive procedures that the child may expose during his/her hospitalization or illness [3]. Relief of pain is an essential need and right of all children, and in order to meet the pain management needs, health professionals must be willing to try a number of interventions to achieve optimal results [4]. To confirm adequate pain relief and to give the children a feeling of control over the situation, non-pharmacological techniques are broadly accepted as additional strategies that may be used independently or in addition to pharmacological methods [3].…”