Organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently drawn enormous attentions due to their impressive performance (>22%) and low temperature solution processability (<150 °C). Current solution process involves application of a large amount of toxic solvents, such as chlorobenzene, which is heavily employed in both the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) deposition. Herein, this study employs green solvent of ethyl acetate for engineering efficient perovskite and HTL layers, which enables a synergic interface (perovskite/HTL) optimization. A champion efficiency of 19.43% is obtained for small cells (0.16 cm2 with mask) and over 14% for large size modules (5 × 5 cm2). The PSCs prepared from the green solvent engineering demonstrate superior performance on both efficiency and stability over their chlorobenzene counterparts. These enhancements are ascribed to the in situ inhibition on carrier recombination induced by interfacial defects during the solution processing, which enables about 2/3 reduction of calculated recombination rate. Thus, the green solvent route shows the great potential toward environmental‐friendly manufacturing.
The Λb polarization in hadronic Z decays is measured in semileptonic decays from the average energies of the charged lepton and the neutrino. In a data sample of approximately 3 million hadronic Z decays collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP between 1991 and 1994, 462 +/- 31 Λb candidates are selected using (Λπ+)-lepton correlations. From this event sample, the Λb polarization is measured to be PΛb = -0.23+0.24-0.20(stat.)+0.08-0.07(syst.)
Organic‐inorganic mixed perovskite solar cells demonstrate superiority for the application as low‐cost printable solar energy, yet common processing of solvent‐controlled crystallization routes contain highly toxic solvents that cause safety and/or environmental issues. In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700576, Fuzhi Huang, Jie Zhong, and co‐workers demonstrate a green solvent engineering incorporated interface optimization method to address this topic, and high performance devices are obtained.
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