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Context Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD) is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its mechanism is unclear. Objective To investigate the effect of GSZD on bone erosion in type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and to identify the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods The CIA model was prepared in male Wistar rats by two subcutaneous injections of CII, 1 mg/mL. Fifty CIA rats were randomized equally into the control group given saline daily, the positive group given saline daily and methotrexate 0.75 mg/kg once a week, and three GSZD-treated groups gavaged daily with 800, 1600 and 3200 mg/kg of GSZD for 21 days. GSZD effects were assessed by paw volume, arthritic severity index and histopathology. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. The effects of GSZD on RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption assay. Expression of IκB-α and p65 was measured by Western blotting. Major components of GSZD were identified by HPLC. Results Arthritis index score, paw volume and bone destruction score showed that GSZD improved inflammatory symptoms and reduced joint tissue erosion ( p < 0.01). GSZD decreased RANKL, and the number of osteoclasts (OCs) in joint tissues ( p < 0.01) and increased osteoprotegerin levels ( p < 0.01). GSZD inhibited RANKL-induced RAW264.7 differentiation and reduced bone resorption by OCs. GSZD upregulated IκB ( p < 0.01) and p65 ( p < 0.01) in the cytoplasm and downregulated p65 ( p < 0.01) in the cell nucleus. Conclusions Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has an anti-RA effect, suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for RA.

Sinomenine, an important isoquinoline from Sinomenium acutum (Menispermaceae), is currently considered as a reliable drug for treating various malignant cancers including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma cervical cancer, and esophageal cancer. The pharmacological mechanisms are probably related to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This paper was aimed at reviewing the anticancer potential of sinomenine, which is expected to be beneficial in developing this compound as a candidate drug for cancer therapy.

BackgroundScholars have long understood that gastrointestinal microorganisms are intimately related to human disorders. The literature on research involving the gut microbiome and neuroscience is emerging. This study exposed the connections between gut microbiota and neuroscience methodically and intuitively using bibliometrics and visualization. This study’s objectives were to summarize the knowledge structure and identify emerging trends and potential hotspots in this field.Materials and methodsOn October 18, 2022, a literature search was conducted utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for studies on gut microbiota and neuroscience studies from 2002 to 2022 (August 20, 2022). VOSviewer and CiteSpace V software was used to conduct the bibliometrics and visualization analysis.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2022 (August 20, 2022), 2,275 publications in the WoSCC database satisfied the criteria. The annual volume of publications has rapidly emerged in recent years (2016–2022). The most productive nation (n = 732, 32.18%) and the hub of inter-country cooperation (links: 38) were the United States. University College Cork had the most research papers published in this area, followed by McMaster University and Harvard Medical School. Cryan JF, Dinan TG, and Clarke G were key researchers with considerable academic influence. The journals with the most publications are “Neurogastroenterology and Motility” and “Brain Behavior and Immunity.” The most cited article and co-cited reference was Cryan JF’s 2012 article on the impact of gut microbiota on the brain and behavior. The current research hotspot includes gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation, gut-brain axis, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The research focus would be on the “gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation: a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and cognition” and “the role of two important theories of the gut-brain axis and microbial-gut-brain axis in diseases.” Burst detection analysis showed that schizophrenia, pathology, and psychiatric disorder may continue to be the research frontiers.ConclusionResearch on “gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation: a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and cognition” and “the role of two important theories of the gut-brain axis and microbial-gut-brain axis in diseases” will continue to be the hotspot. Schizophrenia and psychiatric disorder will be the key research diseases in the field of gut microbiota and neuroscience, and pathology is the key research content, which is worthy of scholars’ attention.

In this paper, we conduct research on the contrast and reference of commercial bank risk management of international studies based on the interest rate marketization. Market-oriented interest rate reform is in view of the interest rate control, refers to the regulation of regulators relaxed lending and deposit rates that removes the protection of bank spreads and make money prices determined by market supply and demand fully. Under this condition, lets of risks can be expected. How to understand the causes of credit risk to strengthen the management of credit risk and controls guards against and dissolve that have become our country commercial bank operation and management activities of the urgent need to solve the problem. This article proposes the potential solutions for the mentioned challenges that are meaningful.