The Covid-19 pandemic affects many areas of life, including the tourism sector. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the number of people visiting tourist destinations, and the reduction has helped to improve the environment in the National Park. Therefore, this study aims to present a satellite image classification method using Support Vector Machine to identify changes in the vegetation area of Komodo National Park. The satellite image used was created with Google Earth Pro with a resolution of 1920 x 1280 pixels using data collected in 2019 and 2020 before and during the pandemic. This study focuses on six tourist destinations in Komodo National Park: Loh Liang, Loh Buaya, Padar Island, Kanawa Island, Pink Beach, and Loh Sebita. The image was pre-processed using radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and contrast enhancement. The results of the pre-processing showed that segmentation will be performed to distinguish the area between one class and another. Furthermore, the image will be classified into five classes using the Support Vector Machine, including Soil, Vegetation, Built-Up Area, Deep Water, and Shallow Water. The measurement of the area of vegetation from 2019 and 2020 using Otsu’s thresholding showed environmental changes. Meanwhile, environmental improvements occurred in seven areas in the vegetation area category, with a 31.86% rise from 2019 to 2020. The increase in the area of green areas in the Komodo National Park all because tourist restriction and there is no climate fluctuations during the time of study.

ABSTRAK Tata guna lahan, jaringan infrastruktur jalan dan pergerakan manusia dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan serta peningkatan sistem tranportasi perkotaan. Aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi akan berdampak pada peningkatkan emisi gas buang di udara seperti CO2, CO, HC, CH4, SO2, NO2 dan partikulat yang dapat memicu pencemaran udara.  Apabila tidak di imbangi dengan penambahan kawasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau maka daya dukung penyerapan emisi CO2 menjadi berkurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat emisi CO2 dari konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan darat serta daya dukung Ruang Terbuka Hijau dalam menyerap emisi CO2 diKota Kendari. Data primer berupa konsumsi bahan bakar berdasakan penyaluran Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak di kota kendari, sedangkan luasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau mengacu pada RTH yang dikelola oleh Pemerintah Kota Kendari. Analisis yang digunakan dalam menghitung emisi CO2 adalah metode “tier 1” yang dikeluarkan oleh Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006, sedangkan analisis kemampuan daya serap RTH  menggunakan data luasan pada setiap jenis tutupan lahan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan emisi CO2 yang signifikan akibat konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan di Kota Kendari sejak tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2018, dimana tingkat emisi tahun 2015 sebesar 265.910,92 ton/tahun, sedangkan tahun 2018 mencapai 326.039,40 ton/tahun.  Luas dan daya dukung Ruang Terbuka Hijau existing tidak mampu menyerap keseluruhan jumlah emisi CO2 yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan darat, dimana jumlah emisi yang mampu diserap pada tahun 2018 sebesar 267.884,74 ton dari total emisi 326.039,40 ton sehingga Kota Kendari masih membutuhkan RTH seluas 102,9 hektar. Kata kunci: Emisi CO2, Kendaraan Darat, Ruang Terbuka Hijau ABSTRACT [Study Of Land Transportation Contribution On The Improvement Of CO2 Emissions And Inventory Of Ability Of Green Open Space Absorption In Kendari City]. Land use, road infrastructure networks and human movement can enhance the development and improvement of the transportation system. High transportation activities will increase emissions of CO2, CO, HC, CH4, SO2, NO2 and particulate emissions which can increase air pollution. If it is not balanced with the addition of the Green Open Space area, the carrying capacity of CO2 emissions will be reduced.This study aims to analyze CO2 emissions from land vehicle fuel consumption and carrying capacity of Green Open Space in saving CO2 emissions in Kendari City. Primary data consist of fuel consumption based on the distribution of fuel terminals in the city of Kendari, while the area of the Green Open Space is in accordance with the green space managed by the Kendari City Government. The analysis used in the calculation of CO2 emissions is the "level 1" method issued by the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), while the analysis of the capacity of green space absorption uses area data on each type of land cover.The results of this study indicate a significant increase in CO2 emissions in vehicle fuel consumption in Kendari City from 2015 to 2018, where the level of emissions in 2015 amounted to 265,910.92 tons / year, while in 2018 it reached 326,039.40 tons / year. The extent and carrying capacity of the Green Open Space is unable to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions caused by vehicle fuel consumption, while the amount of emissions that can be absorbed in 2018 is 267,884.74 tons of the total emissions of 326,039.40 tons so that the City of Kendari needs to require green space covering an area of 102.9 hectares. Keywords: CO2 emissions, land transportation, green open space

Sedimentation in coastal areas poses a threat to the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Besides damaging coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, sedimentation also reduces the quality of the beach as a tourist area. This is economically detrimental. This study aims to monitor and map sedimentation in coastal areas through physical interpretation based on Landsat satellite imagery data and bathymetry maps. Landsat 2003 image was used in this study and bathymetry map was coming from geological map. Band intensity is used to magnify the water column. Image processing shows the intensity of each band can be used to interpret land cover, but the blue channel can penetrate the water column deeper than the other channels. The result of the research was ensuring that the sediment would be deposited due to the gravel size and the current speed. Both of 12 cm/sec and 25 cm/sec current speed do not have enough energy to disperse the sediment which consists of gravel with 2 mm in diameter. Since the river discharged the coast continuously and the sediment deposited into the seabed then it would be accumulated. The accumulation of sediment in the study area was interpreted by the thickness of the sediment overlay with the bathymetry map.

Climate change and the global warming have become an important issue at the present. Some of previous research showed the importance of studies on the sources of global warming and carbon emissions. Our attention needs to be paid to carbon monitoring worldwide. Therefore, the information about the distribution and the characteristic of carbon stocks has become very strategic matter particularly for sustainable development. This paper aims to analyze the utilization of Geospatial Information of Carbon Stocks (GICS) for forestry management, environmental protection, and spatial planning with the case study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method was descriptive analytic to compose several regulations related to geospatial data and information and their connetion to forestry management in Indonesia, environmental protection, and spatial planning. The results of the analysis showed that the principle of sustainable development must be supported by accurate data and information in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development. For the sustainable development, the GICS is functioning in the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Low-Emission Development Strategy (LEDS).

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