Parent guidance for numeracy activities and preschoolers' numeracy performance were examined in the context of playing a board game in three sessions over a two-week period. Twenty-eight parent -child dyads were randomly assigned to a numeracy awareness group in which parents were provided with suggested numeracy activities to incorporate into the games, or a comparison group provided with no numeracy instructions. Parents in the numeracy awareness group provided guidance for basic and more complex numeracy skills at approximately twice the rate of parents in the comparison group. Children exposed to more numeracy questions during the games generated more correct responses. These results support the view that activities occurring in children's daily lives can be used by parents to enhance children's exposure to numeracyrelated content and enrich socio-cultural interactions related to numeracy.

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Advances in research methods, data collection and record keeping, and statistical software have substantially increased our ability to conduct rigorous research across the lifespan. In this article, we review a set of cutting-edge statistical methods that life-course researchers can use to rigorously address their research questions. For each technique, we describe the method, highlight the benefits and unique attributes of the strategy, offer a step-by-step guide on how to conduct the analysis, and illustrate the technique using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. In addition, we recommend a set of technical and empirical readings for each technique. Our goal was not to address a substantive question of interest but instead to provide life-course researchers with a useful reference guide to cutting-edge statistical methods.