A agricultura urbana orgânica é um importante estímulo para o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades, contribuindo para a segurança alimentar, melhoria do meio ambiente, inclusão social e geração de renda. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as principais dificuldades que o agricultor urbano orgânico enfrenta em municípios onde não há políticas de incentivo à agricultura urbana. Para isso, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram aplicadas entre julho e dezembro de 2018, com sete agricultores urbanos orgânicos que adotam a prática como profissão. Os resultados foram examinados conforme análise de conteúdo e apontaram carências como a ausência de mão de obra capacitada, falta de máquinas e equipamentos adequados à prática em pequenos espaços e insuficiência de recursos financeiros, insuficiências semelhantes às da agricultura familiar orgânica. Portanto, é fundamental a ampliação de políticas de fomento à agricultura urbana orgânica, contemplando tais aspectos no sentido de diminuir os obstáculos e estimular a profissão.
In addition to the expansion of sustainability with crop rotation and use of residues from the property itself, the main characteristics of organic agriculture are the extinction of the use of chemicals and producing food free of these contaminants. This review aimed to find evidence that substantiates the improvement of the health and working conditions of farmers working with this model of agriculture. To this end, the ProKnow-C instrument was used, which recommends seven steps to select and evaluate the publications found. Exclusion criteria included studies related to the consumption of these products, school feeding, management, and cultivation techniques or studies conducted with non-organic farmers. After the exclusion, 11 documents remained for content analysis. Results of these studies indicated that when compared to conventional agriculture, there is an increase in cognitive load due to the variety of tasks; however, no mental suffering was identified. Despite the absence of appropriate technology and technical assistance, there is an increase in job satisfaction and an improvement of the health of the family as a whole, improving the quality of life. Additionally, the results of this review pointed to the gaps of research that can be carried out, such as longitudinal studies on organic agriculture, social interactions, environmental working conditions, and studies in the technological area. Finally, the results evinced that organic agriculture has a positive impact on the health of workers. Thus, the need for empirical research is important to develop innovations that improve work in organic agriculture.
Although not essential to most plant species, silica plays an important role in the protection of plants against different types of stress. In monocots, the main role of silica is protection against herbivores. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is clear that silica discourages the grazing of herbivores. Hence, high silica concentrations are unwanted in forage crops and grasses that are grown as a feed for ruminants. In this paper, we explored the possibilities to select forage grasses with a low silica concentration. In a yield trial comparing five forage grass species under cutting management, we found the highest and lowest silica concentrations respectively in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (0.7 % averaged over all cuts) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (0.35 % averaged over all cuts). We found a negative effect of the silica concentration on digestibility of the organic mass (DOM). This effect was particularly strong in the first cut: -4.9 % points DOM per 0.1 % points in silica concentration. In a screening of tall fescue nurseries for silica concentration, a range between 0.05% and 1.57% was found and there was a weak negative correlation between DOM and silica concentration. Based on a progeny test, a narrow sense heritability for silica concentration of 0.78 was calculated. Given the presence of both variation and a high heritability, selection for lower silica concentrations in tall fescue is promising. The simultaneous selection for DOM and low silica content offers good perspectives to improve the feeding quality of tall fescue.
Os trabalhadores no Brasil têm seus direitos resguardados por meio das Normas Regulamentadoras do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Este artigo analisa as fragilidades de duas normas referente à saúde do trabalhador e aos riscos ambientais, por meio de uma revisão documental a partir das Normas Regulamentadoras nº7 (PCMSO) e nº9 (PPRA), apontando-se como fragilidades os pontos que possam gerar interpretações equivocadas. As principais fragilidades encontradas foram: falta de esclarecimento nas ações de promoção da saúde; definição não explícita de responsáveis pela elaboração de documentos; informações imprecisas em relação aos documentos que devem ser realizados; falta de indicação de participação do trabalhador para elaboração dos documentos; e desatualização de aspectos importantes. Este estudo pode contribuir para o aprimoramento ou construção de uma nova legislação para a área de segurança e saúde do trabalhador.
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