Many researchers have investigated the effects of induced metabolic alkalosis, by ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on anaerobic exercise performance. But the results have been inconsistent and often contradictory. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the varied findings using a meta-analytic approach. Twenty-nine investigations met our inclusion criteria. Results show that NaHCO, ingestion clearly results in a more alkaline extracellular environment. The dosage, however, was only moderately related to the increase in pH and HC0,-. Overall, performance was enhanced but the range of effect sizes was large, -0.12 to 2.87. In studies that measured time to exhaustion, there was a mean 27*20% increase in duration. The treatment effect, however, was only weakly related to the degree of induced alkalosis. But in comparing the 19 studies that showed a positive treatment effect with the 16 that showed no effect, the former were associated with a greater increase in pH following ingestion of a somewhat larger dosage, and a greater decrease in pH with exercise.Key Words: bicarbonate loading, ergogenic aids, anaerobic, meta-analysis When exercise is of a near maximal intensity and lasts longer than approximately 20 to 30 seconds, the energy for this work is derived primarily from anaerobic glycolysis. While allowing for the rapid transfer of energy within the working muscle fibers themselves, the total capacity of this system is limited. Without the benefit of oxidative metabolism to remove hydrogen ions from the cell, there is a progressive increase in the acidity of the intracellular environment, resulting in fatigue and the inability to maintain the exercise intensity.The precise mechanism by which increasing acidosis causes muscular fatigue is not clear, but it has been suggested that the accumulation of hydrogen ions may directly inhibit the contractile process by inhibiting the release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as by reducing the activity of glycolytic enzymes and by impairing the propagation of neural impulses (23). As exercise progresses, various buffering mechanisms function to sequester hydrogen ions and thus forestall the decrement in blood and muscular pH. Eventually when