This paper presents a comprehensive framework for describing the diffusion of the Internet in a country. It incorporates insights gained from in-depth studies of about 25 countries undertaken since 1997. The framework characterizes diffusion using six dimensions, defining them in detail, and examines how the six dimensions relate to underlying bodies of theory from the national systems of innovation and diffusion of innovations approaches. It addresses how to apply the framework in practice, highlighting Internet diffusion determinants. This framework is useful for business stakeholders wanting to make use of and invest in the Internet, for policy makers debating how to positively (or negatively) influence its use and development, and for researchers studying the large-scale diffusion of complex, interrelated technologies.

Determination of an appropriate wheelchair cushion to optimize loading on buttock tissue is crucial to pressure ulcer prevention. Standardized test methods aim to simplify selection by helping clinicians and users identify a class or category of cushions that will meet the important medical need of adequate pressure distribution. The objective of this project was to determine the test-retest reliability of interface pressure measurements taken using bench tests as opposed to human subject tests. Ten wheelchair cushions were tested following the methods for interface pressure measurement as defined in a draft International Organization for Standardization document. Dispersion index, contact area, percent force in the ischial regions, peak pressure index, and seating pressure index-standard deviation are reliable measures. Average pressure is reliable but not very volatile between cushions. The data also indicate that peak pressure, seating pressure index-skew (SPI-sk), and the other five percent force regions are not reliable. Certain bench interface pressure variables were found to have adequate intralaboratory repeatability. Interlaboratory reliability must also be tested. If a bench interface pressure test is used to indicate cushion performance, its validity should also be studied. Research is underway to relate interface pressure variables to clinical measurements of wheelchair users. Once validity is shown, standardized test results can then be used by clinicians to simplify and improve the wheelchair cushion selection process.

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