Dense facial landmark detection is a key element of face processing pipeline. In this paper we survey and analyze modern neural-network-based facial landmark detection algorithms, focus on approaches that have led to a significant increase in quality over the past few years on datasets with large pose and emotion variability, significant face occlusion, all of which are typical in real-world scenarios. We summarize the improvements into categories, provide quality comparison on difficult and modern in-the-wild datasets: 300 Faces in-the-wild (300W), Annotated Facial Landmarks in-the-wild (AFLW), Wider Facial Landmarks in-the-wild (WFLW), Caltech Occluded Faces in-the-wild (COFW). Additionally, we compare algorithm speed on desktop central and graphical processors, mobile devices. For completeness, we also briefly touch on established methods with open implementations available. Besides, we cover applications and vulnerabilities of the landmark detection algorithms. We hope that generalizations that we make will lead to further algorithm improvements.

The two-stage distributing of material flows in the transport-logistics system of fuel and energy complex is considered. The structural elements of such system are mines (centers of the first stage), extracting coal from various mineral deposits in a certain area, and enterprises that consume or process coal (centers of the second stage). A presented method for solving this problem is based on elements of the theory of continuous linear problems of optimal set partitioning, duality theory, and methods for solving linear programming problems of transport type. The optimal solution of the two-stage location-allocation problem is obtained in an analytical form, which contains parameters that are the optimal solution of the auxiliary finite-dimensional optimization problem with a non-differentiable objective function. Therefore, the part of numerical algorithm is non-differentiable optimization method – modification of Shor’s r-algorithm. The results of computational experiments solving model problems confirm the correctness of the presented method and algorithm. It is demonstrated the synergistic effect obtained from formulation of continuous problems of optimal partitioning sets with additional constraints. It is showed, how important to take into account the multi-stage distributing of raw materials when it is necessary to locate new transport-logistics system objects in a given territory.

Context. The object of the research is a two-stage process of material flows allocation in the transport-logistic system, the structural elements of which are enterprises that collect a resource, is been distributed in a certain territory (centers of the first stage), and the enterprises that consume or process this resource. A mathematical model of such process is a two-stage problem of the optimal partitioning of a continual set with the locating of subset centers under additional constraints presented in the paper. Objective. The goal of the work is to ensure the reduction of transport costs in the organization of multi-stage production, the raw material resource of which is distributed in some territory, through the development of appropriate mathematical apparatus and software. The urgency of the work is explained by one of the most pronounced tendencies in extracting and processing branches of industry and agriculture, namely, the creation of territorially-distributed multilevel companies that include dozens of large enterprises and carry out a full cycle of production from raw material harvesting with its integrated use and the product manufacturing to its transportation to end consumers. Method. Mathematical apparatus for two-stage problems of optimal partitioning of sets with additional couplings was developed using the basic concepts of the theory of continuous linear problems of optimal set partitioning, duality theory, and methods for solving linear programming problems of transport type. The research shows that the formulation of a multi-stage transport-logistic problem in a continuous variant (in the form of an infinite-dimensional optimization problem) is expedient when the number of resource suppliers is limited but very large. The application of the developed mathematical apparatus makes it possible to find the optimal solution of the two-stage allocation-distribution problem in an analytic form (the analytic expression includes parameters that are the optimal solution of the auxiliary finite-dimensional optimization problem with a nondifferentiable objective function). The proposed iterative algorithm for solving the formulated problem bases on modification of Shor's r-algorithm and the method of potentials for solving the transport problem. Results. Developed mathematical models, methods and algorithms for solving continuous multi-stage problems for locating enterprises with a continuously distributed resource can be used to solve a wide class of continuous linear location-allocation problems. The presented methods, algorithms and software allow solving several practical problems connected, for example, with the strategic planning in the production, social and economic fields. The theoretical results obtained are been brought to the level of specific recommendations that can be used by state-owned and private enterprises in solving logistics tasks related to the organization of collection of a certain resource and its delivery to processing points, as well as further transportation of the produ...

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RFID tags see a widespread use in modern security systems, including home intercoms, access control cards, contactless credit cards, biometric passports. Here we focus on a single application, namely access control systems. Currently they have either high cost or low security guarantees. Hence, the developments focusing on improving access control security while lowering the cost is a rapidly developing field. The purpose of this work is to create an alternative access control scheme, where card scanners are replaced with passive RFID tags, and all of the communication is done via user's smartphone Wi-Fi. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to the development of access control systems, it was concluded that use of mobile systems is the most promising due to their expandability and presence of a large number of sensors, such as NFC, camera etc. In the proposed model RFID tags are mounted near a turnstile or a smart door. Tag reading and programming is done via NFC chip directly on an Android or iOS mobile device, which allows for a significant price cut for such a system implementation. A detailed description of a tag writing procedure with the data required to perform it is provided. To enhance security, together with smartphone-based authorization we require the user to provide his photograph while entering a secure gate. The photograph is then displayed on a monitoring dashboard side-by-side with his registration picture, so that the two can then be matched