It appears that the power of the laser used at 1 W for 1-2 min can drive the irrigation solution to the tip of the canal without harming the apical tissues.

Background and Objectives: Chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from squid pens – the squid waste, is gaining considerable interests in biomedical engineering due to the biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and antibacterial activity. It is necessary to eradicate the bacteria from root canal in endodontic treatment, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingiva- lis is one of the most prevalently found bacteria in root canals and its presence can cause endodontic treatment failure. This study was conducted to find the antibacterial effect of chitosan from squid pen against P. gingivalis at a certain concentration. Materials and Methods: Chitosan 1.5% (w/v) was diluted in several tubes. The lowest concentration with no bacterial growth was considered to have antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Results: There was no bacterial growth in nutrient agar media at the concentration of 10.75%. Conclusion: Chitosan that was made from squid pens has antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis.

Aim: To analysis collagen type I density on inflamed rat dental pulp after capping with propolis. Methods: Flavonoid and non-flavonoid substances were purified from propolis. Eighty male rats were divided into five groups, each group consisting of 16 rats. As a negative control (group I), rats were not conducted any treatment. A class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface of right maxillary first molar. Dental pulp was exposed and allowed in oral environment for 60 minutes, then dental pulp capping with ethanolic extract of propolis (group II), flavonoid propolis (group III), non-flavonoid propolis (group IV), or calcium hydroxide as positive control (group V). Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 2, 4 or 7 days, biopsy samples were obtained, stained and viewed by light microscope. Data was statistically analysis using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Except in group I, collagen type I density was increased in group II, III, and V with the longer of observation time periods. However, in group IV, collagen type I density increased only on day 7. No statistically significant differences of collagen type I density among the groups for each time period were found. Conclusions: Propolis and flavonoid propolis may increase collagen density on inflamed rat dental pulp.

Introduction:The scaffold is a place for regeneration of new bone and bone tissue growths in tissue engineering applications. hADMSC is a multipotent cell which can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic. Y-TZP has been shown to have several advantages over other ceramics because of its hard nature, namely fracture toughness and high flexural strength.Aim:This study aimed to analyze the biocompatibility of Y-TZP as a scaffold seeded with hADMSCs by in vitro analysis.Material and methods:This research involved several processes, namely Y-TZPS manufacture process, XRD examination, differentiation and characterization of hADMSC, SEM observation, and then TT.Results:The results of the XRD examination showed that Y-TZPSs had sharp peaks. It suggests that they had high crystal purity. The marked expression of the characterization of hADMSC is the positive expression of Cluster of differentiation (CD), namely CD 90, CD 73 and CD 105 above NMT and negative expressions of CD 14, CD 19, CD 34, CD 45 and also HLA-DR below NLT. The analysis of observations on the Y-TZPSs with SEM, subsequently, indicated the porosity of Y-TZPSs, as a result, the adhesion of HADMSCs occurred and grew in the porosity in the Y-TZPSs.Conclusions:Y-TZPSs with low porosity and toxicity can be able to proliferate and differentiate if seeded with hADMSC. Y-TZPSs are expected to be used as implantable biomaterials using hADMSCs with high biocompatibility.

Objective: Indonesia has many kinds of useful herbs, which are often used as species such as chili, pepper or cayenne pepper (capsicum frutescens L). Previous study showed topical capsaicin can be used as a therapy to cure pain due to inflammation. Small concentrations of capsaicin can attenuate cytokines in the inflammatory process. Capsaicin studies in animal model showed activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1. Capsaicin can decrease various cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β and increase IL-10. Capsaicin is a natural agonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1. The aim of this study is to prove the effect of capsaicin on transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 expression and TNF-α and TLR-4 toward pain. Material and Methods: An experimental laboratory research used animal model Wistar male rats (rattus novegicus) induced with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b and green chili extract (capsicum frutescens L.) with a dose of 0.0912 mg/kg/day was applied to surface of the gingiva on maxillary first molar for 7 days. An immunohistochemical examination was conducted to see the density of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and the expression of TLR-4 and IL-1β in the mucosal tissues of the oral cavity. Results: There were significant differences in the applications of Capsicum frutescens L. with increasing of TRPV ligand-1 and IL-1β (p<0.05), while the TLR-4 (p>0.05) showed a significant difference to TRPV-1 and IL-1β. There is no significant difference to TLR-4. Conclusion: Capsaicin can increase TRPV-1 and decrease IL-1β but did not affect the TLR-4. Capsaicin can be used to decrease pain and accelerate healing process in periodontitis.