<p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of weigh-in time on hydration status and acute weight gain (AWG). Twenty-seven men judo athletes and 23 men wrestlers voluntarily participated in this study. Body mass and urine specific gravity (USG) of the athletes were measured just before official weigh-in and competition. Two-way analysis of variance (split-plot ANOVA) with repeated measurements (time x sport) were used to determine differences in AWG and USG between groups and measurement times. In case of significant difference between sports, t-tests were applied. There was a significant main effect of time (p&lt;0.01, ES=0.25) on USG. A significant difference was found in USG between official weigh-in and start of the competition in wrestlers (p&lt;0.01) but not in judo athletes. There was significant difference in AWG and AWG% between sports (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, most of the athletes presented high level of dehydration before both official weigh-in and competition. In conclusion, judo athletes could not rehydrate as much as wrestlers despite 15h of recovery. It can be suggested that the period between official weigh-in and competition would be shortened to prevent non-optimal hydration status and rapid weight gain, with caution to allow sufficient recovery period.</p>

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 5% rapid weight loss on hydration status and judo performance in highly trained judo athletes. Methods: Eighteen male judo athletes participated in the study and were divided into two groups: control and rapid weight loss (RWL). RWL athletes were given 48 h to cut 5% of their body mass while the control group followed their routines. Athletes performed three measurements, including hydration, body mass and three consecutive special judo fitness tests (SJFTs). At the 1st and 6th minutes following each SJFT and 1st, 6th and 15th minutes following the last SJFT, blood lactate and heart rate (HR) was monitored. Results: The effect of RWL on variables was tested with split-plot ANOVA. RWL significantly affected urine specific gravity with a higher value following weight loss compared to baseline and recovery (F2-32 = 13.2, p < 0.001). In addition, athletes’ SJFT total throw numbers differed among measurements (F2-32 = 7.70, p < 0.001). Athletes presented worse SJFT index after weight loss (F2-32 = 8.05, p = 0.01; F1-16 = 6.43, p = 0.02, respectively). HR changed significantly among measurements days and times (F28-448 = 143.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion: RWL induced dehydration and impaired heart rate recovery in highly trained judo athletes, and they could not rehydrate between competition simulated weigh-in and 15 h of recovery.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of kids' athletics training program on their academic achievement and self-esteem. The kids' athletics training program is implemented for 14 weeks. The study consists of one experiment group (n: 95, 52 M, 43 F, age 10,92 ± 0,61 years old) and one control group (n: 148, 73 M, 75 F, age 10,90 ± 0,63 years old). These two groups consist of totally 243 children. The "Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire-Children's Form" whose reliability and validity was proved by Pişkin in 1996 is used to measure the self-esteem [1]. Academic achievement values are identified by students' school reports. Following the pre-test, Kids athletics program whose duration is 60 minutes is implemented 3 days in a week for 14 weeks. In the last test, self-esteem and academic achievement measures of the students is done again. In the statistical analysis of the self-esteem and academic achievement of the experiment and control groups, it is seen that there is a significant increase in the total self-esteem (p:0,0377) and general self-esteem (p:0,0421) of the experimental group. Moreover, a significant increase is detected in Physical Education and Sports (p:0,0015), Music (p:0,0224), Turkish (p:0,0047) and Foreign Language (p:0,000) grades.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of playing soccer for a long time in for professional soccer players regarding sole pressure. Despite the increasing prevalence of new methods developed in the footpad pressure measurement in recent years, our knowledge about pressure distribution of the footplate is still insufficient, especially for sportsmen (Ford et al., 2006). Plantar pressure analysis system (EMED-SF) was used in the study. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were examined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results of the research, there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical characteristics. However, significant results were found at (0.01-0.05) level in the beginning and grand total of heel medial, heel lateral, 1,2,3,4,5 metatars in the maximal force comparisons applied to the right and left foot contact area and the floor.

Postural abnormalities of regions predispose individuals to chronic pain. Because of improper position of students, who are growing, the risk of adopting abnormal postures is common. In order to establish appropriate strategies to prevent these impairments, having accurate information about them is necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluation of ergonomic postures of physical education and sport science by REBA and its relation to prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. In the present cross-sectional study, 260 subjects of physical education and sport science were selected randomly and interviewed. To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and assessment of postures, we used Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) respectively. Using SPSS IBM 20 software, data were analyzed by chi-square and independent sample t-test. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment results indicated that 40% of participant, equivalent to 104 subjects obtained from 4 to 7 scores (very high risk level). Also, Results of the Nordic questionnaire indicated that the highest musculoskeletal disorder report was related to low back region with 50.8 % and the least common complaints were related to elbows and feet with prevalence rates of 20 and 26%, respectively. It seems that long duration of daily seating and repetitive its and maladjustment of the seat height in proportion were effective factors leading to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among physical education and sport science students of Gazi University-Turkey which was also confirmed by posture assessment results. Timely adjustment of the seat height through designing adjustable seats and following ergonomic principles in school might be useful strategies to reduce prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.