El presente artículo busca revisar el concepto de compromiso académico en estudiantes universitarios de programas virtuales, los principales factores psicosociales asociados al mismo, así como de los instrumentos de medición que se han desarrollado para medirlo, tanto en programas de educación presencial como virtuales y a distancia. Inicialmente se recopilaron varios artículos de compromiso académico en el ámbito universitario, en bases de datos en español, inglés y portugués. Posteriormente se hizo un análisis comparativo de estos mediante resúmenes analíticos especializados. A partir de esta revisión se encontró que se han desarrollado varios estudios para medir el compromiso académico en educación básica y superior presenciales, pero hay pocos estudios en programas virtuales; de igual manera, se pudo establecer que los instrumentos existentes en su mayoría se centran en algunos factores psicosociales que explican el compromiso académico en ciertos cursos o a nivel de la carrera en general, pero no consideran la influencia de la familia ni de la institución educativa en el compromiso académico del estudiante. Se hace necesario abordar el compromiso académico de manera más holística y diseñar instrumentos que permitan medirlo contemplando múltiples variables.

Background: Gelatin is a protein obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen contained in skins, connective tissue and/or animal bones, which are by-products of the meat industry. The main raw material to produce bovine gelatin is the dermis of the skin, but there is a variation in fat and moisture content depending on the bovine skin origin. As a contribution to the circular economy and sustainability, these by-products with high fat content and the fat released from them during the gelatin production process can be managed for food industries, mainly in the development or formulation of animal feed. Methods: For the initial physicochemical characterization, moisture, fat, protein and ashes content were determined. Once the by-products with high fat content were identified, alteration parameters such as acidity, peroxide and saponification indexes were evaluated. Additionally, thermal, rheological and fatty acid composition characterization was carried out in order to study the possible applications of the by-products. Results and Discussion: The results showed that some of the by-products presented fat content values lower than 15.0%, so the viability of their use is limited. On the other hand, some by-products have more than 30% fat content, however, they can only be removed manually, and the efficiency of this process is low. By-products removed from the supernatant in the extractors presented 99.9 and 98.9% of fat, and there is the possibility of conditioning a mechanical method for their extraction. The determination of alteration and oxidation parameters, thermal and rheological characterization, fatty acid profile and solid fat content were carried out only on these by-products. According to the characterization, these by-products could be valued and used in the formulation of animal feed, however, they present some limitations for some applications such as biodiesel production or food industry.

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This paper deals with the preparation of university students, in the health area, regarding the protection of humanitary and health missions in zones of armed conflict. ";Medellin 2000"; was a descriptive and exploratory research devoted to identify the perceptions students have about the armed conflict in Colombia. Participants were asked to answer questions about their perceptions of the actors involved in the conflict, the geographical region involved, the effects of conflict in the health area, the fears they had about the conflict, and their knowledge about International Humanitary Law. The results suggest some strategies for the education of health students and health workers in the area of international humanitary law. The integral conflict in Colombia was recognized by 92% of the students nearing graduation. Fifty per cent had information about protection providen by International Humanitary Law. Ninety eight per cent received that information through tv. For thirty eight per cent of them that information was part of the curriculum. Ninety eight per cent perceives risk of life as the principal effect of the conflict in the health sector while 91% do not know who to react facing the risk situations generated by the conflict. Seventy five per cent is afraid to travel and 89% has not received university training about professional exercise in conflict zones.The findings may motivate universities and health institutions to train their personnel in conflict resolution and rights, obligations and protection of the medical mission in internal armed conflicts.Key words: armad conflict, medical mission, International Humanitarian Law, Colombia