Aim The dispersal and distribution patterns of many marine organisms are driven by oceanographic conditions, which are influenced by global climate. Climate-driven oceanographic changes are thus likely to result in biogeographical changes. We assess how recent and predicted oceanographic changes affect the dispersal capacities and distributions of ecologically important (especially habitat-forming) marine organisms.Location We include studies from tropical, temperate and sub-polar regions to draw globally relevant conclusions.Methods We review biogeographical, biological and oceanographic studies to critically evaluate emerging trends in biogeographical responses to climatedriven oceanographic changes, and predict how future changes will affect marine ecosystems.Results Many oceanic dispersal pathways are being altered by climate change. These changes will affect marine ecosystems by differentially affecting the replenishment potential and connectivity of key habitat-forming species. In particular, the length of propagule pre-competency periods, propagule behaviour and the geographical distance between areas of suitable habitat will be critical in determining how oceanographic changes affect the pattern and success of dispersal events, including the likelihood of species experiencing poleward range shifts in response to a warming climate.Main conclusions Future climate-driven oceanographic changes are likely to strengthen or weaken different oceanic dispersal pathways, which will either increase or decrease the potential for dispersal and connectivity in various marine taxa according to the interaction between the local oceanographic, geographical and taxonspecific biological factors. A key focus for future work should be the development of fine-scale near-shore ocean circulation models that can be used to assess the dispersal response of key marine taxa under various marine climate change scenarios.

The copper-catalysed oxidative coupling of amines and H-phosphonates to produce phosphoramidates has been achieved using CuI as the catalyst and O2 (present in air) as the sole oxidant.

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Synthetic lethality occurs when inactivation of two genes is lethal but inactivation of either single gene is not. This phenomenon provides an opportunity for efficient compound discovery. Using differential growth screens, one can identify biologically active compounds that selectively inhibit proteins within the synthetic lethal network of any inactivated gene. Here, based purely on synthetic lethalities, we identified two compounds as the only possible inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) biosynthesis from a screen of ∼230,000 compounds. Both compounds proved to inhibit the glycosyltransferase UgtP, which assembles the LTA glycolipid anchor. UgtP is required for β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and the inhibitors restored sensitivity to oxacillin in a highly resistant S. aureus strain. As no other compounds were pursued as possible LTA glycolipid assembly inhibitors, this work demonstrates the extraordinary efficiency of screens that exploit synthetic lethality to discover compounds that target specified pathways. The general approach should be applicable not only to other bacteria but also to eukaryotic cells.

Highlights Robust SFC preparative method for the separation of the enantiomers of Hydroxychloroquine drug repurposing: treatment for Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection