We report the use of the coat protein (CP) gene from Passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV) to produce resistant transgenic plants of yellow passion fruit. A full-length CP gene from a severe PWV isolate from the state of São Paulo, Brazil (PWV-SP) was cloned into pCAMBIA 2300 binary vector, which was further introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105. Leaf disks were used as explants for transformation assays, e.g., 2,700 and 2,730 disks excised from plants from the Brazilian cultivars IAC-275 and IAC-277, respectively. In vitro selection was performed in kanamycin. After transferring to the elongation medium, 119 and 109 plantlets of IAC-275 and IAC-277, respectively, were recovered. Integration of the PWV CP gene was confirmed in seven of eight plants evaluated by Southern blot analysis, showing different numbers of insertional events for the CP gene. Three transgenic plants (T3, T4, and T7) expressed the expected transcript, but the 32 kDa PWV CP was detected by Western blot in only two plants (T3 and T4). The results of three successive mechanical inoculations against the transgenic plants using three PWV isolates showed that the primary transformant T2 of IAC-277 was immune to all isolates.
-Passiflora edulis, the passion fruit native from Brazil, has several common names (such as sour passion fruit, yellow passion fruit, black passion fruit, and purple passion fruit), and presents a wide variability with the different rind colors of its fruits, which are very easy to notice. However, in 1932, Otto Degener suggested that the yellow passion fruit had its origin in Australia through breeding, calling it P. edulis forma flavicarpa, and that it could be distinguished by the color of the fruit, the deeper shade of purple of the corona, and the presence of glands on the sepals. These distinctions do not support themselves, for the glands are common to the species (although they may be absent), and the corona has a wide range of colors, regardless of the color of the fruit. A more critical ingredient is the fact that the external coloration of the fruit is a character of complex inheritance and is not dominant, thus displaying a number of intermediate colors, making it difficult to identify the extreme colors. For the correct scientific naming of agricultural plants, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature must be used in conjunction with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, with the selections with significant agronomic characteristics recognized and named cultivars. In accordance with the international convention promoted by the UPOV, of which Brazil is a signatory, several colors (light yellow, yellow, orange yellow, pink red, red, red purple, green purple, purple, and dark purple) can be recognized in order to adequately characterize passion fruit cultivars within the species P. edulis. At taxonomic level, Passiflora edulis Sims must be used for any plant and color of sour passion fruits, in combination with a cultivar name for the selected materials. Index Terms: cultivar, nomenclature, Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae, yellow passion fruit. PASSIFLORA edulis SIMS: A MANEIRA TAXONÔMICA CORRETA DE REFERIR-SE AO MARACUJÁ-AMARELO (E AOS DE OUTRAS CORES)RESUMO -Passiflora edulis, o maracujá é nativo do Brasil, apresenta vários nomes populares (tais como maracujá-azedo, maracujá-amarelo, maracujá-preto e maracujá-roxo) e grande variabilidade, sendo que diferentes cores da casca do fruto são facilmente observadas. Entretanto, em 1932, Otto Degener sugeriu que o maracujá-amarelo tenha originado através de melhoramento genético, na Austrália, denominando-o como P. edulis forma flavicarpa, e poderia ser reconhecido pela cor do fruto, pela porção colorida da corona, maior e de um arroxeado mais escuro, e pela presença de glândulas nas sépalas. Essa distinção não se sustenta, pois essas glândulas são comuns na espécie (embora possam estar ausentes), e a corona tem grande variação de cores, independentemente da cor do fruto. Ainda mais crítico é o fato de que a coloração externa do fruto é um caráter de herança complexa e não tem dominância, existindo, por isso, várias cores intermediárias e dificuldades para reconhecer quais as cores extremas. Para a correta denominaç...
Este experimento foi conduzido em Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, de 1995 a 1997, com o objetivo de se obter um cultivar de maracujá amarelo, homogêneo quanto à qualidade de fruto, de alta produtividade e bem aceito pelo mercado. Estudou-se o comportamento de 8 híbridos, obtidos em sucessivos ciclos de seleção recorrente, a partir de indivíduos pré-selecionados em pomares comerciais ou bancos de germoplasma. Foram avaliados desenvolvimento vegetativo, tipos de flores, período de florescimento e frutificação e produtividade. A análise qualitativa dos frutos incluiu peso, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal dos frutos; proporção da polpa e sua coloração, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), número de sementes e classificação comercial. A melhor combinação desses fatores foi obtida em 'IAC-3', 'IAC-5' e 'IAC-7', que produziram frutos ovais, compactos, com elevada proporção de polpa alaranjada-intensa, peso médio de 170 a 218g, SST médio de 15°Brix e 51% de rendimento em polpa. A produtividade média foi de 45 a 50 t/ha/ano, com polinização manual, resultando em frutos do tipo 2A e 3A, com dimensões externas de 8,8 x 7,3 cm e 400 sementes/fruto. Essas três seleções atenderam às atuais exigências do mercado, sendo reunidas no 'COMPOSTO IAC-27', lançado como cultivar, em 1998.
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