Purpose: to analyze auditory and oral communication behaviors in a group of children and adolescents, users of cochlear implants and to establish a relationship with factors that interfere with aural rehabilitation. Methods: participants were 13 children or adolescents with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Standardized procedures were applied to check: the auditory and oral communication behaviors of participants and their relationships with the child's age at diagnosis period; the interval between diagnosis and intervention, adaptation onset of the cochlear implant; the hearing age and aural rehabilitation period. Results: statistically significant data were found to correlate the interval between diagnosis and intervention with the scores in the evaluation procedures of oral communication. Conclusion:there was a significant impact on the development of oral communication when the period elapsed between the diagnosis and intervention was analyzed, in such way that the faster the intervention time, the better the results. It was also evident that the earlier the beginning of the use of cochlear implants, the greater the hearing age, and the longer the rehabilitation period, the better the scores in the procedures that evaluated auditory and verbal development. Keywords: Hearing Loss; Cochlear Implant; Language; Auditory Perception RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os comportamentos auditivos e de comunicação oral em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes usuários de implante coclear e estabelecer relações com fatores que interferem na reabilitação auditiva. Métodos: participaram deste estudo 13 crianças ou adolescentes com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural profunda bilateral. Foram aplicados procedimentos padronizados para verificar: o comportamento auditivo e de comunicação oral dos participantes e estabelecidas relações com a idade da criança no período do diagnóstico; o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a intervenção, época de ativação do implante coclear; a idade auditiva e o período de reabilitação auditiva. Resultados: foram encontrados dados estatisticamente significantes ao correlacionar o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a intervenção com os escores dos procedimentos de avaliação da comunicação oral. Conclusão: houve impacto significante no desenvolvimento da comunicação oral quando analisado o período transcorrido entre o diagnóstico e a intervenção, de tal forma que quanto mais rápida a intervenção, melhores os resultados. Foi evidente também que quanto mais precoce o início da utilização do implante coclear, maior idade auditiva e maior o período de reabilitação, melhores foram os escores nos procedimentos que avaliaram desenvolvimento auditivo e verbal.

Conflict of interest: non-existentCharacterization of communicative interaction between parent of hearing impaired children and adolescents that use oral communication ABSTRACTPurpose: to characterize the communicative interaction among hearing parents and children or adolescents with hearing loss who use oral communication through the video analysis. Methods: this study included parents of nine children and nine adolescents with bilateral sensorineural pre-lingual hearing impairment, from moderate to profound degree, who attend or attended an aural rehabilitation program with emphasis on the development of hearing and oral communication. Among the nine children, four are aided by cochlear implant and five are aided by hearing aid. Regarding the adolescents, six are aided by cochlear implant and three are aided by hearing aids. The procedure used was a checklist composed by 22 behaviors that analyze the interaction on the stimulation of hearing and language. These behaviors were scored from a Likert scale and classified as "rarely", "occasionally" and "frequently". The interaction among the hearing impaired children or adolescents and their parents was recorded for later analysis by three judges with experience in aural rehabilitation. Results: there were 18 interactions recorded, in which it was possible to establish a relation of 97.8% among the judges. The occurrence of behavior "frequently" was statistically significant. Conclusion: the results showed that parents involved into an aural rehabilitation program that emphasizes the use of communication strategies to improve the development of linguistic and auditory skills, suitably use communicative behaviors during interaction with their children or adolescents in a controlled situation. Keywords: Hearing Loss; Parent-Child Relations; Family RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a interação comunicativa entre pais ouvintes e crianças ou adolescentes com deficiência auditiva que utilizam comunicação oral, por meio da análise de filmagens. Métodos: participaram deste estudo os pais de nove crianças e nove adolescentes com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural bilateral, pré-lingual de grau moderado a profundo, que frequentam ou frequentaram um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica, com ênfase no desenvolvimento da função auditiva e comunicação oral. Entre as nove crianças, quatro fazem uso de implante coclear e cinco de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual. Em relação aos adolescentes, seis fazem uso de implante coclear e três de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual. O procedimento adotado foi a Escala de Índice de Comportamentos que promovem a Comunicação, a qual apresenta 22 comportamentos que analisam a interação quanto à estimulação da audição e linguagem. Os referidos comportamentos foram pontuados a partir de uma escala Likert e classificados como "raramente", "ocorre" e "frequentemente". A interação entre os deficientes auditivos e seus pais foi filmada para posterior análise de três juízes com experiência na área de audiologia educacional. Resultad...

RESUMO Objetivo Mensurar o esforço auditivo com o uso de um paradigma de tarefa dupla de memória operacional e analisar a significância clínica do desempenho de indivíduos normo-ouvintes. Método Participaram 10 adultos jovens, entre 18 e 30 anos, de ambos os gêneros, normo-ouvintes classificados segundo a média quadritonal (500, 1000, 2000 e 4000Hz) e com nível sociocultural similar. Os participantes foram submetidos à anamnese audiológica, meatoscopia e audiometria tonal limiar. Para a mensuração do esforço auditivo, utilizou-se um paradigma de tarefa dupla, composto por tarefas de percepção de fala e memória operacional de logatomas, palavras reais e sentenças sem sentido. Anteriormente à mensuração, o paradigma de tarefa dupla foi realizado no silêncio com o intuito de treinar os participantes a desempenharem as tarefas adequadamente. Após a fase de treinamento, este paradigma foi realizado em duas situações de escuta distintas, nas relações sinal/ruído de +5 e -5dB, com o ruído do tipo White Noise. Resultados A comparação do desempenho por orelha, direita ou esquerda, nas duas relações sinal-ruído demonstrou efeito significante para as tarefas de percepção de fala de logatomas e sentenças sem sentido em ambas as orelhas, porém para a tarefa de esforço auditivo e memória operacional houve diferença significante apenas para a orelha direita. Conclusão Foi possível mensurar o esforço auditivo com o uso do paradigma proposto e este instrumento demonstrou ser sensível para a quantificação deste parâmetro auditivo.

Purpose: to review the literature on the behavioral methods of listening effort assessment and the working memory capacity recommended for the hearing impaired. Methods: this review was developed through the search of articles in national and international journals, in English and Portuguese, available in Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Vitual em Saúde - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online, between 2007 and 2017. The articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria: articles that used behavioral methods to assess listening effort in hearing-impaired adults, involving the measurement of working memory and its relationship with the listening effort, published in the last 10 years. Results: Twelve articles in which behavioral measures were used to measure listening effort and working memory capacity in the hearing-impaired individuals were reviewed. Their main findings refer to the purpose(s) of the research, participants, behavioral method composed of a primary task (speech perception) and a secondary task (memorization) and results of the studies. Conclusion:the findings of this review allow us to infer that this paradigm is sensitive to measure the listening effort, considering the different instruments used and the population assessed.

Purpose: to review both the national and international literature as well as to describe the methods used to collect psychoacoustic measurements in tinnitus patients. Methods: the current integrative review was conducted on articles in specialized national and international journals, in both the Portuguese and English languages, available in the PubMed/Medline, BVS - LILACS and SCIELO databases. The following keywords and descriptors were used: hearing, tinnitus, psychoacoustic measurements, acuphenometry, and assessment, in both the Portuguese and English languages. The retrieved articles were read and selected for the review according to the eligibility criteria, which included the use of psychoacoustic measurements in tinnitus patients and the presence of a detailed methodological description of the protocol employed, in individuals with normal hearing and those with hearing loss. Results: a total of 12 articles, in which psychoacoustic measures were used for the characterization and the measurement of tinnitus in individuals with normal hearing and in those with hearing loss, were reviewed. The main findings were associated with the sample characterization and the way in which the psychoacoustic measures were performed. Conclusion:given the grouping of several protocols for tinnitus evaluation, which were determined following an integrative literature review, a great heterogeneity in the methods used to perform psychoacoustic measurements for tinnitus assessment for both clinical and scientific purposes was noted.