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Purpose Interleukin-10 (IL-10) potentially can promote the development of alloimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate if the IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor reduces the risk of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and if that has an impact on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods A cohort of 211 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 99), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 69), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 31) or chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 12) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a single center and their respective donors were genotyped of IL-10 gene for rs1800872 using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The IL-10-592 CC genotype was detected in 107 of the 211 donors (50.7%) and in 106 of the 211 patients (50.2%). Genotype AC was found in 95 donors (45.0%) and in 90 patients (42.7%). Nine donors (4.3%) and 15 patients (7.1%) were homozygous for AA. Ultimately, we observed a significantly reduced incidence of relapse rate (RR) in patients who were transplanted from a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype (19% versus 43% (AC) versus 49% (AA); P = 0.0007). In addition, a significant increase of EFS (P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.006) was detected if the IL-10-592 CC genotype is present in the donor. The occurrence of the IL-10-592 CC genotype, in either donors or recipients, had no significant impact on acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, the IL-10-592 genotype of the recipients was not relevant for the RR (P = 0.47434), the EFS (P = 0.840), and the OS (P = 0.535). Conclusion The IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor was associated with a significant decrease of RR which led to a significant increase of EFS and OS after HSCT. This is the first study to describe an association of the IL-10 gene polymorphism with RR, EFS, and OS after HSCT. Selecting a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype could be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome after allogeneic HSCT.

Purpose Interleukin-10 (IL-10) potentially can promote the development of alloimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate if the IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor reduces the risk of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and if that has an impact on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).Methods A cohort of 211 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=99), acute myeloid leukemia (n=69), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=31) or chronic myeloid leukemia (n=12) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a single center and their respective donors were genotyped of IL-10 gene for rs1800872 using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results The IL-10-592 CC genotype was detected in 107 of the 211 donors (50.7%) and in 98 of the 197 patients (49.7%). Genotype AC was found in 95 donors (45%) and in 84 patients (42.6%). 9 donors (4.3%) and 15 patients (7.6%) were homozygous for AA. Ultimately, we observed a significantly reduced incidence of relapse rate (RR) in patients who were transplanted from a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype (19% versus 43% (AC) versus 49% (AA); p=0.0007). In addition, a significant increase of event-free survival (p=0.004) and overall survival (p=0.006) was detected if the IL-10-592 CC genotype is present in the donor. The occurrence of the IL-10-592 CC genotype, in either donors or recipients, had no significant impact on acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.Conclusion The IL-10-592 CC genotype in the donor was associated with a significant decrease of RR which led to a significant increase of EFS and OS after HSCT. This is the first study to describe an association of the IL-10 gene polymorphism with RR, EFS, and OS after HSCT. Selecting a donor with the IL-10-592 CC genotype could be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome after allogeneic HSCT.

Background: Data about liver transplantation for mixed tumors from hepatocellular carcinoma to cholangiocarcinoma are limited. Furthermore, the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or combined tumors in a cirrhotic liver is considered a contraindication for transplantation. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with incidental cholangiocarcinoma or combined tumors after liver transplantation. Methods: In our descriptive analysis, data were evaluated from all patients since 2010 who received a liver transplant due to an assumed hepatocellular carcinoma at Jena University Hospital. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Between January 2010 and December 2022, an incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was found in eight patients post-transplant. Four combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma and four sole intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were found. A recurrence through distant metastases from combined hepatocellular- and cholangiocarcinoma was found in one patient at one year after transplantation. Another patient developed a pulmonary primary tumor independently one year post-transplant. The recurrence rate was at 14.3%. While two patients died, the 1- and 5-year overall survival rates post-transplant were 87.5% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or combined hepatocellular- and cholangiocarcinoma could profit from liver transplantation.

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