Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos mediante la aplicación de difracción de rayos X y estereomicroscopía a las cerámicas halladas en las campañas de excavación realizadas entre los años 1991 y 1994 en los niveles del Cobre Reciente (2600-2000 cal. A.C) de Los Castillejos (Montefrío, Granada). Estas técnicas analíticas han permitido estudiar la producción cerámica de este yacimiento en el último momento de la Edad del Cobre, basándonos en la caracterización de sus pastas cerámicas, así como en la tipología de sus formas. A partir de nuestro estudio hemos podido determinar que las producciones son de carácter local, realizadas en su mayor parte con materias primas procedentes del entorno de Los Castillejos, cuyo proceso de manufactura denota cierta pericia por parte de los productores cerámicos, pese a que no se puede hablar de una sistematización de la fabricación cerámica debido a la escasa relación entre forma-tecnología.
The interpretation of the manufacture and function of Argaric burial potteries has not been subject to a global and systematic study. As such, this paper has reconstructed the sequence of ceramic production of burial potteries of Peñalosa using analytical techniques (stereomicroscopy, X-ray diffraction and optical petrography). Ceramic ware technological features, as well as other indicators of use and repair, indicate that the pottery was used prior to the burial either in domestic contexts or during funerary rituals. This finding contrasts with data obtained at other Argaric sites, where technological and formal features point to pottery production specifically intended for burials.
In this paper, we present the analytical results of the vessels from Los Castillejos (Montefrío, Granada), attributed to the Middle and Late Neolithic periods (5000-4900 BC and 4200-3600 BC, respectively). The analytical corpus used in this study comes from techniques related to Earth Sciences (stereomicroscopy using a binocular microscope and X-ray diffraction). The results obtained have allowed us to differentiate the moments of the occupation of the site; the periods are separated by more than 700 years and present a marked difference in the ceramic production that allows us to identify a cultural change between the Middle and Late Neolithic.
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