In this article, we reflect on the particular temporal structure of pregnancies and prenatal entities with the aim to contribute to the field of the sociology of pregnancy. Medical models and technology shape today’s notion of pregnancy as a linear, nine-month developmental process that leads to the birth of a child. Through ultrasound technology and prenatal examinations, prenatal entities have thus historically gained a present ‘being’ as a developing, unborn child. While these ideas undoubtedly greatly influence the participants’ interpretations, a culturalistic perspective on time alone does not do justice to the phenomenon’s lived tensions and the temporal complexity of the phenomenon. From a Schutzian perspective of time, we have worked out how practices of pregnancy and the production of meaning are shaped by an interwoven back and forth between orientations to the past, present and future. Drawing on relevant works from the sociology of pregnancy, we work out five modes of temporal references that mold the phenomenon of pregnancy: joint imagination of the couple, in which the (un)born is anticipated as fantasies of the future (1), passivities of pregnancy, in which the desired future is experienced as unable to influence (2), the presentification of the unborn in and through visual and bodily-somatic contact moments (3), its futurization through the cultivation of a ‘not-yet’ (4) and prenatal losses, as a critical rupture with the anticipated and desired future (5). Our analysis underlines the potential of a time sociological perspective on pregnancy and the constitution of relationships and persons.
Zusammenfassung
Totgeborene sind Entitäten mit einem doppelt prekären Status, denn ihre Karriere als Person ist bereits vorüber, bevor ihre Existenz als Mensch richtig begonnen hat. Dieses Charakteristikum nutzt der Beitrag, um nach dem situierten Zusammenspiel von Prozessen der De/Personalisierung und De/Humanisierung zu fragen. Die Analyse verfolgt anhand ethnografischer Beschreibungen den Weg eines totgeborenen Fötus von seiner Entbindung im Kreißsaal bis zu seiner Beisetzung und nimmt dessen ontologisches Changieren zwischen unterschiedlichen Existenzweisen in den Blick. Damit schließt der Beitrag an die Debatte um die „Grenzen des Sozialen“ an und fasst Menschen und Personen als kontingente Phänomene, nach denen empirisch zu fragen ist. Er will mit seiner Analyse zu einer mikrosoziologischen Komplexitätsentfaltung von Grenzziehungsprozessen am Lebensanfang beitragen.
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