Background: Lateral patellar dislocation can become a recurrent problem after the first episode. Identifying those patients who are at increased risk of redislocation is important for the treatment decision-making process. Purpose: To identify clinical and radiologic risk factors for recurrence of patellar dislocation after a first episode. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study included patients with lateral patellar dislocation and a 1-year minimum follow-up who were seen between 2011 and 2018. Patients aged 10 to 65 years were included. Patient characteristics, physical examination (patellar apprehension, J sign), and radiographs were reviewed. The Caton-Deschamps and Insall-Salvati ratios were used to evaluate patella alta. High-grade trochlear dysplasia was defined as Dejour types B, C, and D. Results: A total of 130 patients (139 knees) with primary lateral patellar dislocation were included. Recurrent dislocation was seen in 83 knees (59.71%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Caton-Deschamps ratio ≥1.15 (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.09-5.22; P = .029), age <21 years (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.11-5.77; P = .027), and high-grade trochlear dysplasia (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.90-9.17; P < .001) were significantly associated with patellar redislocation. Based on the presence of these factors, the probability of dislocation after a first lateral patellar dislocation was 31.2% with no factors present, 36.6% with any 1 factor present, 71.7% with any 2 factors present, and 86.2% if all 3 conditions were present. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that patella alta, high-grade trochlear dysplasia, and age <21 years were independent risk factors for patellar redislocation after a first episode, with an additive effect when they were present together. This may help to guide the type of treatment for these patients.
Introduction: The incidence of tracheal stenosis is progressively increasing. A risk factor for developing this clinical condition is a history of prolonged endotracheal intubation. A transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange, known as THRIVE, has gained importance in tracheal resection surgeries. Case Presentation: Herein, we describe the anesthetic management of two obstetric patients, a 19-year-old and 29-year-old, with a history of prolonged endotracheal intubation and a diagnosis of tracheal stenosis. The patients required the resection of the tracheal segment and end-to-end anastomosis. The anesthetic management focused on THRIVE using a high-flow nasal cannula. Conclusions: This system proved to be a safe anesthetic technique for pregnant women and the fetus. Furthermore, it allowed surgeons to better visualize the surgical field without the risk of accidental injury to the endotracheal tube.
Introducción: Es importante conocer las características demográficas y clínicas de las fracturas en niños para mejorar las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento en estos pacientes. Objetivos: Describir las fracturas en niños y sus características epidemiológicas. Metodología: Estudio tipo corte transversal desde enero 2014 hasta diciembre 2017. Pacientes menores de 18 años que consultaron por fracturas a una clínica en Colombia fueron incluidos. Se incluyeron datos demográficos, lugar donde ocurrió el trauma, huesos fracturados y tipo de tratamiento. Se evaluó la distribución por género y grupo etario. La fuente de información fue la historia clínica. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para agrupar los datos. Se calculó la incidencia de fracturas por cada 1000 niños/año. Este estudio recibió aval del comité de ética de la institución. Resultados: Hubo 2436 niños fracturados, 65.6% (n=1597) ocurrieron en hombres. La mayoría fueron entre 6-11 años (40.7%, n=991), luego entre 12-17 años (36.4%, n=887) y finalmente, menores de 6 años (22.9%, n=558). La localización de la fractura más frecuente entre 0-5 años fue el húmero (30.6%, n=171), seguido por el radio (29%, n=162) y la clavícula (15.9%, n=89); entre 6-11 años fue el radio (45.2%, n=448), seguido por el húmero (18%, n=178) y el cúbito (16.6%, n=165); y entre 12-17 años fue el radio (34.6%, n=307), seguido por los huesos de la mano (22.7%, n=201) y los huesos del pie (10.8%, n=96). Requirieron manejo quirúrgico 30.9% de los niños fracturados (n=752). La incidencia de fracturas fue de 29.7/1000 niños por año. Conclusión: Las fracturas en niños se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el género masculino. Los huesos fracturados varían dependiendo del grupo etario, con un porcentaje importante del radio en todos los grupos. La mayoría se manejan de forma conservadora
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