Background: Infection with COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinalandneurologicsymptoms.However,limitedevidenceexistsof the involvement of the integumentary system among COVID-19 patients and evidence suggests that these symptoms may even be the first presenting sign. Objective: To systematically evaluate the literature published on dermatologic signs of COVID-19 in order to educate doctors about the dermatologic signs of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Lit COVID, World Health Organization COVID-19 database and PubMed were searched using terminology to identify adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and dermatologic manifestations of disease. The last search was completed on 13 July 2020. Results: There were 802 reports found. After exclusion, 20 articles were found with 347 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Within these articles, 27 different skin signs were reported. Limitations: Limitations of this review include the recency of COVID-19 infection; so, there are limited published reports and that many reports are not by dermatologists, and so, the cutaneous signs may be misdiagnosed or misdescribed. Conclusion: Dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 may be the first presenting sign of infection; so, dermatologists and doctors examining the skin should be aware of the virus's influence on the integumentary system in order to promptly diagnose and treat the infected patients. K E Y W O R D S evidence-based dermatology, infection, virologyThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with multisystem signs and symptoms, including dermatologic manifestations. The recent literature has revealed that dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 often are early onset and provide helpful cues to a timely diagnosis. We compiled the relevant emerging literature regarding the dermatologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) so that physicians can be aware of the various clinical cutaneous presentations in this time of high incidence of COVID-19. Cutis. 2021;107:90-94. T he pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is not yet completely understood. Thus far, it is known to affect multiple organ systems, including gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular, with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19 including fever, cough, myalgia, headache, anosmia, and diarrhea. 1 This multiorgan attack may be secondary to an exaggerated inflammatory reaction with vasculopathy and possibly a hypercoagulable state. Skin manifestations also are prevalent in COVID-19, and they often result in polymorphous presentations. 2 This article aims to summarize cutaneous clinical signs of COVID-19 so that dermatologists can promptly identify and manage COVID-19 and prevent its spread. Methods A PubMed search of articles indexed for MEDLINE was conducted on June 30, 2020. The literature included observational studies, case reports, and literature reviews from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and coronavirus used in combination with cutaneous, skin, and dermatology. All of the resulting articles were then reviewed for relevance to the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. Only confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection were included in this review; suspected unconfirmed cases were excluded. Further exclusion criteria included articles that discussed dermatology in the time of COVID-19 that did not explicitly address its cutaneous manifestations. The remaining literature was evaluated to provide dermatologists and patients with a concise resource for the cutaneous signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Data extracted from the literature included geographic region, number of patients with skin findings, status of COVID-19 infection and timeline, and cutaneous signs. If a cutaneous sign was not given a clear diagnosis in the literature, the senior authors Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19
Background There are many indications for lasers in cosmetic dermatology. Nonetheless, complications do occur. Laser mechanism of action, fluence, wavelength, and pulse duration all play a role in the laser's potential to damage nearby skin and cause subsequent harmful consequences. Understanding the laser being used and known complications associated with these lasers may provide better patient outcomes. Objective To evaluate the complications associated with laser treatments in cosmetic dermatology so providers have a concise resource to improve patient outcomes. Methods A literature review of complications associated with carbon dioxide, erbium YAG, neodymium‐doped YAG, alexandrite, and dye lasers. Results Notable complications include burns, infections, dyspigmentation, ophthalmic injuries, Koebner phenomenon, scarring, prolonged erythema, acne, milia, and contact dermatitis. Conclusion Clinicians using lasers should be aware of the complications associated with laser use since precautions may be taken to prevent some of these adverse events and prompt identification can help improve patient outcomes and decrease long‐term consequences.
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