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Fifth Generation (5G) wireless systems aim to confront with such use-cases as Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB). To meet the increasing throughput and reliability demands, satellites may be used to complement the 5G Terrestrial Networks (TNs), e.g., in rural areas, in case of emergencies or in areas with peak demands. The EU funded "Dynamic spectrum sharing and bandwidth-efficient techniques for high-throughput MIMO Satellite systems" (DYNASAT) project focuses on research on techniques which aim to improve reliability and throughput in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). Multi-Connectivity (MC), where a user can be connected to multiple base stations simultaneously, is one of the bandwidth efficient techniques under the research in the project. In this master's thesis, the focus is on MC to improve users' experienced throughput. First, a study of relevant specifications and algorithms is performed. Then, MC feature is implemented to a 5G NTN simulator. The simulation results indicate that there exist scenarios where using MC in 5G NTNs is beneficial. The significance of this thesis lies in the fact that there exist no service providers that offer system level simulations for 5G NTNs with MC support and packet-level precision.

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The Fifth Generation (5G) communications systems aim to serve such service classes as Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). To meet the growing requirements posed to mobile networks, satellites can be used to complement the Terrestrial Networks (TNs). To increase the efficiency of the satellite communications involved, bandwidth-efficient techniques should be used. Multi-Connectivity (MC) is one such technique. In MC, a User Equipment (UE), for example, a smartphone, can be connected to multiple Next Generation Node Bs (gNBs) simultaneously. In this paper, an adaptive MC activation scheme for throughput enhancement in 5G and beyond Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) is presented. The algorithm is evaluated by system simulations using different traffic split algorithms, namely, even split, data request per connection and per gNB algorithms. In the considered simulation scenario, the maximum throughput enhancement of 9.1%, compared to when MC is turned off, is experienced when using the adaptive Secondary Node (SN) addition algorithm with the combination of the data request algorithms.

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