Ultrasound shape of the crania was seen by measuring a frozen sonogram of the Biparietal Diameter (BPD) and Cranial Index (CI). The objective aims to report the value of prenatal ultrasound in identifying acute frontotemporal depression. Also, to review specific developmental skull anatomy as it relates to the formation of cranial and fontanelle anomaly. Little data exists on the prevalence of this rare heterogeneous condition; 1 in 3,600 live births with genetic or hereditary factors responsible for most cases. The report in question was observed under routine ultrasound at 26 weeks gestation. Better understanding of fetal skull development (through sonar), and calvaric sutures will further help sonologists in evaluation of fetal brain. Ongoing research developments can be used to further evaluate cranial 'osteo' development as a consequence of synchondrosis and multiple suture unity.

Abstract:Introduction: GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a common complication of pregnancy, and prevalence has become alarming. Insulin remains the cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus but oral agents have been increasingly viewed as potential alternatives to insulin because it's economically low in cost, easier to administer and affordable to monitor compare to insulin. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of Gliclazide on the heart cytoarchitectonic and some biochemical indices of pregnant STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic rats compare with insulin. Methods: Twenty (20) pregnant Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 130 g and 150 g were used for the experiments. The rats were divided into four (4) groups: Group 1 (Non-diabetic), Group 2 (Diabetic), Group 3 (Diabetic + Gliclazide) and Group 4 (Diabetic + Insulin). The glucose levels and body weights were monitoring daily. The experimental rats were sacrificed on the 19th on gestational period, blood samples and organs were collected for biochemical and histo-morphological examinations. Results: Gliclazide group rats showed significant increase in body weight compared with diabetic group (p ≤ 0.05). The blood glucose level of rats in gliclazide group was significantly reduced compared with other groups. There was significant increase in reduced GSH (glutathione) of gliclazide and insulin groups compared with diabetic group. MDA (malondialdehyde) and CAT (catalase) levels activities were significantly increase in diabetic group compared with other groups. Hormonal profiles and hematological parameters are significantly increased in gliclazide, and insulin group compared with diabetic group. There were distortions in the structural organization of heart of diabetic group while gliclazide and insulin groups showed remarkable improvements of the degenerative changes of the myocardium. Conclusions: Gliclazide glycemic control has shown beneficial effects on the cardiomyocytes damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats by maintaining the histological integrity of the heart leading to reduced degenerative changes in the myocardium.