The mango is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruits of the world and is popular both in fresh and processed forms. The fruit is cultivated in the largest area i.e.2, 312 thousand ha and the production is around 15.03 million tons contributing 40.48 per cent of the total world production (APEDA, 2010). India is the largest producer, processor, exporter and consumer of mango in the world. The major importing countries of India's mango during the period 2012-13 were UAE (67.85 %), Bangladesh (8.39 %), UK (5.96 %), Nepal (3.71 %), Saudi Arabia (3.00 %), Qatar (2.74 %) and Kuwait (1.49 %) (NABARD, 2011).The study was based on secondary data collected from various official websites like APEDA (Agriculture Produce Export Development Authority), DGCIS Annual Export and NHB (National Horticultural Board). Results of the study showed that, India is having positive and significant growth in area (4.45 %) and production (3.07 %) whereas, productivity showed negative and significant growth (-0.72 %). Analysis of trade direction revealed that, UAE was most reliable and loyal market for Indian mango which is having high probability of retention of 63.41 per cent followed by UK (30.05%), Kuwait (30.03%) and Bangladesh (23.92%). It is concluded from the study that there is an increasing growth in production (15.86%) and productivity (8.30 %) of mango in India but it is not in line with growth rate of export of mango from India (6.33%) So, there is a scope for increasing the export rate. Trade direction for Indian mango is diverted more towards UAE,

SUMMARY :Agriculture in India is one of the most important sectors of its economy. Though, the share of Indian agriculture in the GDP has been steadily declining over the years. Main reason for deceleration in agricultural growth is declining investment in agriculture research and development and irrigation, inefficiency of rural credit and extension. One more the most important factor is; inefficient use of resources is the reason for declined growth of agriculture sector. So the present study was under taken in Dharwad district to analyse the resource use efficiency of major crops. Major crops grown in the district such as chickpea, cotton, paddy, soybean, maize and chilli were selected for the study. Multistage random sampling was adopted for selection of sample respondents. Cobb-Douglas production technique was employed. Results of the study revealed that seed, fertilizers, PPC and machine labour were over utilized and human labour and bullock labour were underutilized by the chickpea farmers. Cobb-Douglas production function for cotton under rainfed condition revealed that seed, PPC, human labour and bullock labour were over utilized and FYM, fertilizer and machine labour were underutilized. During production of paddy seed, fertilizers, FYM, bullock labour and machine labour were over utilized and human labour and PPC were underutilized by the farmers. FYM and PPC were underutilized and seed, fertilizers, human labour, bullock labour and machine labour were underutilized by farmers in cultivation of soybean. Resource use efficiency under rainfed chilli production revealed that seed, PPC, bullock labour and machine labour were over utilized and FYM, fertilizer and human labour were under utilized by the farmers.

Agriculture in India is one of the most important sectors of its economy. Agriculture accounts for 15 per cent of India's GDP (2012). It is still the single largest contributor to the GDP and plays a vital role in the overall socioeconomic development of country. Agriculture mainly depends on the natural resource that is land. Land availability, type of land and soil type are the main determinants of crops to be grown. Land utilization pattern and cropping pattern differs from one region to other. So, the present study was undertaken to analyse the land use pattern and cropping pattern in Dharwad district of Karnataka. Study was based on both primary and secondary data. Total sample size was 150. Data were analyses using statistical tools like Markov analysis and tabular analysis. Results of the study revealed that, in case of land utilization pattern, forest area retained its share of 71.5 per cent and lost remaining 28.5 per cent to agriculture land (13.6 %), cultivable waste land (7.70%), fallow land (2.80 %), Cultivable waste land lost its share to land not available for cultivation (54.60 %) and forest (45.40 %). Agriculture land lost its share to forest land (53.20 %), cultivable waste land (20.30 %) and land not available for cultivation (16.90 %). Cropping intensity in all the talukas of Dharwad district namely Dharwad, Hubli, Kalagakagi, Kundagol and Navalgund were 155.27 per cent, 136.77 per cent, 146.88 per cent, 157.61 per cent and 177.44 per cent respectively. Highest cropping intensity was observed in Navalgund taluka, indicates that efficient utilization of land in Navalgund taluka compared to other talukas of Dharwad district due to canal irrigation facility available to the sample farmers. Second highest cropping intensity was observed in Navalgund taluka. There major proportion of the area was occupied by chilli (18.84 %), sorghum (6.24 %), cotton (5.61 %), and very less proportion by red gram (2.25 %) during Kharif. During Rabi and Summer, major proportion of the area was occupied by chickpea and groundnut. It is due to attention given by the sample farmers towards yield improvement of food grain crops so that balance could be maintained in the food grain basket. Efficiency with which we are cultivating the land is indicator by cropping intensity. So cropping intensity were increased by more effective utilization of land by growing two to three crops in a year.

: Horticulture sector contributes about 24.5 per cent of the GDP from about 8 per cent of the area under Horticulture. A large variety of fruits are grown in India. India accounts for 10 per cent of the total world production of fruits. India accounts for an area of 3.73 million ha under fruit crops with a production of 44.04 million tonnes. This study is conducted to asses Growth, variability in weather parameter, correlation in area, production and productivity of fruit crops, Shift in area among fruit crops and to forecast area under these fruits. The study is conducted based on secondary data taken from Metrological Department, NHB. To asses data various sophisticated tools was used using markov chain analysis, CGR, Correlation etc. The study reveals that CGR was significant in case of productivity of banana (1.7%) and mango (2.35%) at 1 per cent. CV was more in production of papaya with 35.04 per cent. There was negatively correlated in case of rainfall and minimum temperature with area production and productivity but in case of maximum rainfall it shows positively correlated, papaya production with 52 per cent. Highest area is retained by mango (80.31%) followed by banana (49.89 %), citrus (39.34 %) and it has been forecast that area under all fruit crops increases.HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Patil, Nethravathi Ashok, Yeldhalli, R.A.,

Horticultural crops play a unique role in India's economy by improving the income of the rural people. Cultivation of these crops is labour intensive and as such they generate lot of employment opportunities for the rural population. Fruits and vegetables are also rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates etc., which are essential in human nutrition. Hence, these are referred to as protective foods and assumed great importance as nutritional security of the people. Thus, cultivation of horticultural crops plays a vital role in the prosperity of a nation and is directly linked with the health and happiness of the people. Keeping this in view the analysis was done for comparing the cost and returns structure of vegetable and field crop cultivation and nutrient content of the vegetables. Major field crops such as paddy, wheat, jowar, maize, black gram, green gram, chickpea, groundnut, sunflower, safflower, soybean, cotton and sugarcane were selected for analysis of cost of cultivation. Tomato chilli, capsicum, brinjal, bhendi, cabbage, cauliflower, ridged gourd, bottle gourd, gherkin, turmeric and coriander were selected as a major vegetables crops. For this study secondary data were collected and tabular analysis was employed. The study revealed that, net returns from the selected vegetables varied from 38000 to 173500Rs./ha for ridge gourd and cabbage, respectively which was comparatively more than returns obtained from field crops. Vegetables are nutritionally rich source of vitamins and minerals.