Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic smoking on the macula and optic nerve integrity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This prospective, comparative study involved the right eyes of 160 healthy subjects (80 smokers group, and 80 control group). OCTA scanning was performed for all subjects. All macular subfields thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, superficial and deep macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and the macular outer retina flow area, were measured and analyzed. Results: The thickness of some macular subfields, inferior GCC, and RNFL was statistically significantly lower in the smokers’ group ( p  < 0.05). The FAZ area was 0.409  ± 0.048 mm2 in the smokers' group and 0.327  ± 0.055 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001). The superficial foveal VD was 31.35  ± 5.79% in the smokers’ group and 33.63  ± 4.78% in the control group ( p  = 0.06). The deep foveal VD was 39.38  ± 4.56% in the smokers’ group and 34.15  ± 6.57% in the control group ( p  ≤ 0.001). The superficial and deep parafoveal VD was 52.09  ± 4.56% and 59.99  ± 2.25% respectively in the smokers’ group, and 54.75  ± 2.30% and 55.58  ± 4.69% respectively in the control group ( p  < 0.05). The macular outer retina flow area was 1.29  ± 0.12 mm2 in the smokers’ group and 1.16  ± 0.11 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic smoking affected the integrity of the macula and optic nerve. It decreased the macular VD, enlarged the FAZ, and increased outer retinal flow area.

Purpose: The study aims is to detect primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) suspects using both anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study on forty PACG suspect patients with a range of ages from 20 to 70 years. Angle imaging by AS-OCT (Optovue Inc., Fairmont, CA) with study parameters in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 750 µm (AOD750), and trabecular-iris space area at 750 μm (TISA). Also, angle imaging using Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) with study parameters were the anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and, anterior chamber volume (ACV). The angle evaluation was done before and after the mydriatic test.Results: As regarding AS-OCT, after the mydriatic test, we noticed a decrease in all parameters measured, some decreased significantly while others did not. A significant decrease was noticed in ACA (TIA750) in all quadrants (P value<0.001in nasal, 0.001in superior &temporal, 0.003 in inferior) and in TISA750 in the nasal quadrant only (P-value 0.004). AOD750 and TISA750 in the remaining quadrants also decreased but not significantly as ACA. As regarding Pentacam, all parameters decreased after the mydriatic test. ACA (P-value <0.001) and ACD (P-value 0.004) showed significant statistical decrease but ACV showed statistically non-significant decrease (P-value 0.558).Conclusions: AS-OCT and Pentacam are reliable investigations for the detection of PACG suspects which needs more close follow-up for a possible increase in IOP.