The stabilization of slopes by the technique of reinforced earth (Terre Armée) is a very economical and reliable technique. We propose in this paper to check the overall internal stability of the reinforced earth retaining walls by three mechanical models, using the analytical method of the limit equilibrium (failure). The main objective of this paper is to compare these failure mechanical models with the failure models obtained by numerical analysis (code FLAC 2D), in order to validate the most realistic and more unfavourable failure models. Parametric and comparative studies carried out have allowed us to bring a very useful knowledge concerning the study of the internal stability of the reinforced earth retaining walls. It also proposed a theoretical mechanical model of calculation proved by numerical simulation.
Application du concept probabiliste de sécurité sur la vérification de la stabilité d'ensemble des murs de soutènement ancrés avec la cinématique des solides rigides Résumé Dans cet article, on propose un modèle mécanique de rupture basé sur la méthode cinématique des solides de rupture rigides pour la vérification de la stabilité d'ensemble des murs de soutènement ancrés. Le développement des équations d'états limites correspondantes à ce modèle de rupture est effectué conformément au nouveau concept probabiliste de sécurité. Les surfaces de glissement critiques sont déterminées itérativement. Les études paramétriques ont été faites pour des différents types de sols. Des connaissances utiles pour la pratique ont été obtenues.
RésuméLes fondations superficielles sont largement utilisées dans le domaine de la construction. L'étude de leur stabilité en particulier vis-à-vis du poinçonnement constitue un aspect primordial dans le but de construire des fondations et des ouvrages plus fiables et économiques. Dans cet article, on propose une analyse semi-probabiliste de la stabilité des fondations superficielles vis-à-vis du poinçonnement à l'état ultime basée sur l'Eurocode 7. Cette nouvelle approche prend en considération le caractère aléatoire des paramètres d'influence (géométrie, sol, surcharge), notamment celui des paramètres de cisaillement du sol. Une comparaison de cette approche semi-probabiliste avec des approches conventionnelles nationales (approches déterministes) est effectuée pour différents cas de chargement et différents types de sol.Mots-clés : fondations superficielles, capacité portante, stabilité, Eurocode 7, probabilité de rupture, indice de fiabilité. Semi-probabilistic analysis of the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations AbstractThe shallow foundations, are largely used in the field of construction. The study of their stability in particular bearing capacity constitutes a fundamental aspect with an aim of building foundations and eyen works more reliable and economic. In this paper, we propose a semi-probabilistic analysis-of the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations at the ultimate state based on the hew Eurocode 7. This new approach takes into account the randomness of the parameters of influence (geometry, ground, loads), in particular of the soil strenght parameters. A comparison between this semi-probabilistic approach and conventional national approaches (deterministic approaches) is carried out for several Cases of loading and types of soil.
Zur Ermittlung der erforderlichen Ankerlängen wird bei verankerten Stützwänden üblicherweise der Nachweis der tiefen Gleitfuge herangezogen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein modifiziertes Verfahren für zweifach verankerte Stützwände mit Berücksichtigung der Restankerkraft außerhalb des abrutschenden Bruchkörpers, das auf der kinematische Methode beruht, vorgeschlagen. Die Untersuchungen erfolgen nach dem probabilistischen Sicherheitskonzept. Das Verfahren liefert deutlich kürzere Ankerlängen als das herkömmliche Verfahren nach EAU. Die damit erzielte Sicherheit liegt in der gleichen Größenordnung wie die nach EAU.
The construction of anchored retaining walls reach every day in the field of Civil Engineering especially in public works. Their dimensioning and stability are the axes of research for geotechnical. The rule is to reduce the active forces of the slide and increase the effective normal stress on the rupture surface. So that, we anchored tied-back (constituted by steel cables) in the stable ground located under the failure surface and we apply at the top a traction force. This effort can be distributed over the ground surface by means of small plates or massive reinforced concrete. The study of the stability of anchored retaining wall was also performed by using software GEO4. Many cases can be solved using analytical solutions available in the group GEO4 program, but for our standard model solution studied analytically proved unsatisfactory so we used a numerical analysis based on the method of finite element in this program. The results obtained by numerical study were interpreted to identify the precision numerical predictions. Moreover these methods were useful and economics in the realization of reinforced slopes by tied-buck.
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