Objective: To compare medication errors that reached pediatric and adult patients during hospitalization. Methods: Observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study from January 2011 to March 2015 at two community-based, teaching hospitals. Results: Over a 4-year period, there were 4.2 and 13.3 million doses dispensed in pediatrics and adults, respectively. Less than 0.25% of doses dispensed contributed to medication errors, with 9.6% of these medication errors reaching patients and 0.04% causing harm. There was no statistical difference in medication error rates based on doses dispensed, patient-days, admission rate, and severity. However, significantly more errors in the documentation and prescribing processes occurred in adults (21.9% vs 6.5% and 37.4% vs 29.8% respectively, p<.001) versus administration in pediatrics (42.5 vs 29.8% in adults, p <0.001). Errors in drug administration that occurred in pediatrics consisted of infusion devices, incorrect dose, the omission of medication, and time of administration. Pediatrics had higher medication errors related to electrolytes and total parenteral nutrition. Independent of age, there were more medication errors that caused harm in patients residing in the intensive care unit (5.5% of 769 vs 3.5% of 2800 patients, respectively, p =0.006). Conclusion: While the prevalence of medication errors that reached patients and caused harm were similar between adults and pediatrics, the types of errors within the medication use process, class of drugs, and severity of the mediation errors varied between the groups. Given these differences, it is quintessential to develop population-specific medication safety programs aimed at addressing the needs of pediatric patients to enhance safe medication use.

Diabetes is a serious disease that affects millions of people, with new drugs and therapies being added to the market every year. In this paper, we sought to analyze the adverse events reported in clinical trials for these new medications and observe any trends within the different drug classes. Searching FDA Access Data for clinical trial data using a Cochrane method, we plotted there ported incidence of several common adverse events for diabetes medications in the same drug class overtime.Our meta-analysis showed varying trends, both upward and down ward, for adverse events such as nausea and abdominal pain for dipeptidylpeptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors and urinary tract infection, pain with urination, dehydration, increase in urination, and genital fungal infections for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2inhibitors (SGLT2). Due to these moderate to strong correlations with time, we believe that having previous drugs in the same therapeutic class on the market could impact adverse event reporting in future clinical trials on new drugs, but this question requires further research.