Droplet microfluidics enables new reactions, assays, and analytic capabilities, but often requires complex workflows involving numerous steps of macro- and micro-fluidic processing. We demonstrate robotically-automated droplet microfluidics, an approach to automate workflows with commercial fluid-handling robots. These workflows can be performed without human intervention, increasing reliability and convenience.

61. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/278374 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 8, 2018; and directly test the two competing hypotheses. We find that early genomes from Asian phenotypic affinity, suggesting that human diversity in SEA was strongly influenced by 82 population expansions from the north (4). Yet, the extent to which the movements from East 83 Asia (EA) impacted on the genetic and cultural makeup of the people of SEA remains 84 controversial. 85Two distinct population models have been proposed to account for the biological and was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. hybridisation to baits that cover the entire mappable human genome (15). 119We performed comparative testing of three different capture approaches for human was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/278374 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 8, 2018; Biosciences) -with the aim of applying the most effective method to ancient human remains 124 from tropical SEA (SOM1). We found a modified version of MYbaits Whole Genome 125Enrichment to be the best-performing method. We applied this method, in combination with 126 shotgun sequencing approaches where sufficient endogenous DNA allowed it, to samples from 127 Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Laos, dating between 0.2 and 8 kya 128 (SOM2). We obtained 25 low-coverage ancient genomes (Table 1), along with mtDNA and 129 nuclear DNA from an additional set of 16 individuals (Table S3), belonging to hunter-gatherers 130 from the Hoabinhian culture, as well as Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age farmers (SOM3). 131All samples showed damage patterns typical of ancient DNA (38) ( Table S3). 132To address the genetic relationships among the ancient individuals, we performed a constructed solely with present-day samples (40) (SOM4). We then used ADMIXTURE (41) 136 to find reference latent ancestry components that could best fit our present-day data, and then Vietnam, Laos and Thailand) populations, along with a broad East Asian component. 152We used outgroup f3 statistics (f3(Mbuti;X,Ancient samples)) to determine which 153 populations have the highest levels of shared drift with each of the ancient individuals (SOM6). 154. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/278374 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 8, 2018; Group 1 shares the most drift with certain ancient mainland samples ( ...

Objective: To compare medication errors that reached pediatric and adult patients during hospitalization. Methods: Observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study from January 2011 to March 2015 at two community-based, teaching hospitals. Results: Over a 4-year period, there were 4.2 and 13.3 million doses dispensed in pediatrics and adults, respectively. Less than 0.25% of doses dispensed contributed to medication errors, with 9.6% of these medication errors reaching patients and 0.04% causing harm. There was no statistical difference in medication error rates based on doses dispensed, patient-days, admission rate, and severity. However, significantly more errors in the documentation and prescribing processes occurred in adults (21.9% vs 6.5% and 37.4% vs 29.8% respectively, p<.001) versus administration in pediatrics (42.5 vs 29.8% in adults, p <0.001). Errors in drug administration that occurred in pediatrics consisted of infusion devices, incorrect dose, the omission of medication, and time of administration. Pediatrics had higher medication errors related to electrolytes and total parenteral nutrition. Independent of age, there were more medication errors that caused harm in patients residing in the intensive care unit (5.5% of 769 vs 3.5% of 2800 patients, respectively, p =0.006). Conclusion: While the prevalence of medication errors that reached patients and caused harm were similar between adults and pediatrics, the types of errors within the medication use process, class of drugs, and severity of the mediation errors varied between the groups. Given these differences, it is quintessential to develop population-specific medication safety programs aimed at addressing the needs of pediatric patients to enhance safe medication use.

No abstract