Objective: To identify whether slow aquatic exercise in the form of modified Ai Chi is more effective than conventional (faster pace) aquatic therapy at reducing arm volume in women with or at risk of breast cancer related lymphoedema. Methods: Randomized, cross-over controlled trial with concealed allocation and blinded assessment. Eighteen women with a history of breast cancer related lymphoedema were recruited. Participants received two intervention sessions (randomized order) with one week apart. Interventions were a 50 min conventional aquatic intervention or a 50 min modified Ai Chi. Arm volume was measured as the difference between affected and unaffected arm; bio-impedance was measured as an index of extracellular fluid; satisfaction was measured via a 12 question form. Outcomes were measured before, immediately after and one hour after intervention. Results: Comparison between interventions showed larger decreased arm volume of 140 mL (95%CI 17-263) immediately after intervention in favor of the Ai Chi intervention, however it was not sustained at 1 h follow-up. A post hoc analysis showed 72% of participants had a decrease in arm volume immediately after Ai Chi compared to 28% immediately after conventional aquatic therapy; with a number needed to treat of 3 (95%CI 1.4-6.6). There were no differences between interventions for bio-impedance. Satisfaction was good for both interventions.

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There has always been tension between security needs (as expressed by a nationstate) and privacy needs (as expressed by the citizens of said nation-state). Achieving this balance is perhaps one of the goals of statecraft. Terrorist attacks tend to shift the balance towards security, whilst proponents of civil liberties tend to want to move the balance in the other direction. We examine Australian attitudes to privacy in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and consider whether the effect of the pandemic is likely to change Australian's perception of their fundamental right to privacy, as determined by law, enabled by technology and shaped by human concerns.