Summary The aim of this study was to describe and localize the intercellular junctions in the ora serrata region of albino and pigmented rabbit eyes. Eyes of albino and pigmented rabbits were fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Light and electron microscope examination was carried out on semithin and ultrathin sections. The ora serrata region showed adherens, gap and tight junctions in the retinal and ciliary margins of albino and pigmented rabbit eyes. In the retinal margin, zonulae adherens between Müller cells and photoreceptors are associated with tight junctions. In the ciliary margin, epithelial cells are joined by adherens, gap and tight junctions localized between apical and apicolateral cell membranes. Tight junctions appear as zonulae occludens in the non-pigmented apicolateral cell membranes and as tight focal junctions between pigmented and non-pigmented apical cell membranes. Between the ciliary and retinal margins there are adherens and tight focal junctions which attach pigmented apical cell membranes to adjacent cells. There were no differences in the distribution of intercellular junctions between albino and pigmented rabbits.

Background: Dyspnea, fatigue, and decline in sleep quality are symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have been shown to ameliorate dyspnea and fatigue. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on the sleep quality of COPD patients. In this study, we analyzed the benefits of a pulmonary rehabilitation program to sleep quality and daytime somnolence in COPD patients. Methods: This study was a study of 30 moderate-severe COPD patients. All patients were evaluated by a pulmonologist and underwent polysomnography before participating in the study. For this study, we selected only ex-smokers and patients with sleep apnea were referred to the sleep clinic. These participants were prospectively recruited and not selected based on program completion. Before the start of the program, sleep quality and daytime somnolence of the participants were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. Rehabilitation program consisted of muscular training sessions conducted at the gym 3 times per week for 12 weeks. After rehabilitation program, the patients were reassessed and their sleep quality and daytime somnolence were reevaluated using the PSQI and the ESS, respectively. Results: Before rehabilitation, PSQI evaluation revealed that 73% of the participants had poor sleep quality, and ESS evaluation showed that 86.7% of the participants experienced daytime somnolence. After pulmonary rehabilitation, the PSQI specifically improved in terms of subjective sleep quality and sleep duration (< 0.001), habitual sleep efficiency (0.001), and sleep latency and sleep alterations (0.002) and there was also improvement in the ESS (< 0.001). Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation program of gradually increasing intensity has the potential to provide sleep-related benefits to patients with COPD who have poor sleep quality and daytime somnolence. Trial registration: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) RBR62b4z2.

Introdução: A utilização de meios de contraste, muitas vezes, permite uma análise mais adequada da morfologia e identificação de doenças. O meio de contraste é comumente administrado por uma bomba de infusão, garantindo fluxo contínuo. No entanto, essa administração automatizada pode aumentar a incidência dos extravasamentos, acarretando a vazão de grandes volumes em um curto período de tempo. Objetivo: correlacionar fatores de risco para o extravasamento do meio de contraste a base de iodo com as barreiras utilizadas e medidas adotadas quando instalada a ocorrência. Métodos: revisão sistematizada utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo, nas quais formam analisados 16 artigos dos últimos 10 anos. Resultados: embora pequena a ocorrência, entre 0,01 a 0,09% dos exames contrastados realizados, o extravasamento é um assunto constante nos centros de imagens radiológicas, sendo de maior incidência em exames de tomografia computadorizada. Um adequado acesso venoso juntamente com meio de contraste que favoreça a infusão estão entre os principais fatores para a transcorrência adequada deste tipo de procedimento. Conclusão: elaboração e aplicação de protocolos que assegurem a não ocorrência, assim como os que abranjam a diminuição das complicações como a síndrome compartimental, proporcionará o aumento de satisfação ao serviço.  Casos em que a prevenção não se faz suficiente, uma adequada abordagem que vise diminuir maiores efeitos indesejáveis, diferenciar o serviço oferecido e a credibilidade dos profissionais envolvidos. Palavras chave: Tomografia computadorizada, Meios de contraste, Diagnóstico por imagem, Extravasamento de materiais terapêuticos e diagnósticos Abstract Introduction: The use of contrast media often allows a more adequate analysis of the morphology and identification of diseases. Contrast medium is commonly administered by an infusion pump, ensuring continuous flow. However, this automated administration can increase the incidence of overflows, resulting in the flow of large volumes in a short period of time. Objective: a systematic review of the correlation of risk factors for extravasation of iodine- based contrast medium, with the most used barriers, as well as measures adopted when such an occurrence occurs. Methods: analysis and review of correlated data from PUBMED and Scielo platforms and websites. Eleventh articles were selected, of these, after reading the abstracts and adequacy of objectives, 16 articles from the last 10 years were used. Results: although the occurrence is small, between 0.01 and 0.09% of contrast-enhanced exams performed, extravasation is a constant issue in radiological imaging centers, with higher incidence in computed tomography exams. The study seeks to elucidate the direct correlation between venous access and the conditions of the contrast medium used, which together favor the infusion, especially when specific risk factors are identified early, thus favoring the proper course of this procedure. Conclusion: elaboration and application of protocols that ensure the non-occurrence, as well as those that cover the reduction of complications such as compartment syndrome, will provide increased satisfaction with the service. In cases where prevention is not enough, an adequate approach aimed at reducing further undesirable effects will differentiate the service offered and the credibility of the professionals involved. Keywords: Computed tomography, Contrast media, Diagnostic imaging, Extravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materials

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