word count: 259; Text word count: 1,553; Tables: 2; Figures: 2; References: 11 Abstract Objectives: To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care.

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Recent studies investigating tamoxifen and radiation therapy for both therapy and prophylaxis of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia are reviewed. Gynecomastia is a common clinical problem, affecting between one and two thirds of middle-aged men. Diagnosis is typically made by history and physical exam. Common causes include chronic medical conditions and medications; however, unexplained gynecomastia should prompt laboratory work-up, followed by appropriate imaging studies to evaluate for hormone producing cancers. For patients taking bicalutamide for treatment of prostate cancer, tamoxifen or radiation therapy for gynecomastia are excellent options.

Background: To identify the periprostatic structures associated with early return of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods: We compared total continence results between four different techniques of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Specifically, we studied 1-week and 1-month zero-pad continence rates of anterior (n = 60), posterior (n = 59), a novel hybrid posterior-anterior (n = 12), and transvesical (n = 12) approaches of RARP. Each technique preserved a unique set of periprostatic anatomic structures, thereby, allowing evaluation of the individual impact of preservation of nerves, bladder neck, and space of Retzius with associated anterior support structures on early continence. Urethral length was preserved in all approaches. The space of Retzius was preserved in posterior and transvesical approaches, while the bladder neck was preserved in posterior and hybrid approaches. Nerve sparing was done per preoperative oncological risk. For all patients, 24-h pad usage rates and 24-h pad weights were noted at 1 week and 1 month after catheter removal. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of early continence. Data were obtained from prospective studies conducted between 2015 and 2021.Results: At 1 week, 15%, 42%, 45%, and 8% of patients undergoing anterior, posterior, hybrid, and transvesical RARP approaches, respectively, were totally continent (p = 0.003). These rates at 1 month were 35%, 66%, 64%, and 25% (p = 0.002), respectively. The transvesical approach, which preserved the space of Retzius but not the bladder neck, was associated with the poorest continence rates, while the posterior and hybrid approaches in which the bladder neck was preserved with or without space of Retzius preservation were associated with quickest urinary continence recovery. Bladder neck preservation was the only significant predictor of 1-week and 1-month total continence recovery in adjusted analysis, Odds ratios 9.06 (p = 0.001) and 5.18 (p = 0.004), respectively.

Because of this evidence gap, we wanted to compare Microperc and Miniperc with an ultimate purpose to determine which modality is preferred for different stone characteristics. Our hope is that these findings may help guide which technique is most suitable for a given renal stone burden.METHODS: This is a retrospective collaborative multi-institutional study between Dortmund Clinic (Germany) and Modena University Hospital (Italy) in which we compare 2 matched groups of patients. The first group (32 patients) underwent miniperc for medium-sized renal stones in Dortmund Clinic and the second group (19 patients) underwent microperc in Modena University Hospital. Both groups were matched according to Age, Sex, BMI and maximum stone diameter according to preoperative plain KUB films.RESULTS: The primary stone free rates in the miniperc and microperc groups were similar (93.8% vs 84.2%, P ¼ 0.262). Mean operative time for miniperc was significantly shorter than that of microperc (45.6AE 18.9 vs 68.7 AE 35.2 minutes, P ¼ 0.004). The overall complication rate was 11.7 % with no significant difference between the 2 groups (12.5 % for miniperc vs 10.5 % for microperc, P ¼ 0.604). Mean hospital stay in miniperc was significantly longer than that of microperc (4.7 AE 1.6 vs 3 AE 1.5 days, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Our current data show that microperc is emerging as an effective and safe treatment option for intermediatesized kidney stones, with outcomes comparable even to miniperc which is already a well established treatment with high safety profile in experienced hands.