This study sought to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment in high-risk pregnancy in Korea. Data were collected between March 3 and 30, 2015 via structured questionnaires completed by 118 pregnant women visiting an obstetric clinic for prenatal tests or referred to university hospitals in three metropolitan areas for pregnancy maintenance. Data were analyzed, using IBM SPSS version 22,via descriptive statistics, tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Childbirth experience, antepartum care, and planned pregnancy differed significantly. Anxiety and maternal-fetal attachment were negatively correlated, whiledyadic adjustment and maternal-fetal attachment were positively correlated. Anxiety, multiparity, prenatal care, and dyadic adjustment influenced maternal-fetal attachment in highrisk pregnancy. These variables explained 20.5% of the variance in maternalfetal attachment. The results indicate a need for the development and application of nursing interventions to decrease anxiety in high-risk pregnancy and improve maternal-fetal attachment via conjugal harmony.

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In this study, Arthrobacter scleromae SYE-3, which was isolated from indigenous plant in a subtropical region, Neigeria, with plant growth promoting activity was evaluated to determine the optimal culture condition. A bacterial strain SYE-3 had the IAA productivity (89.15±0.36 mg/L) and ACC deaminase activity (0.20±0.06 at 72 hours). Also, optimal culture conditions such as temperature and pH of strain SYE-3 were 20 o C and 10 in LB medium, respectively. Strain SYE-3 had up to 3% salt tolerance in the LB medium. Plant growth promoting ability of strain SYE-3 using yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb.) was evaluated. As a result, strain SYE-3 had showed very powerful effect on the increase of the shoot length and root biomass of yam (190.0% and 282.41% increase for 112 days, respectively). These results indicated that Arthrobacter scleromae SYE-3 can serve as a promising microbial resource for the biofertilizers of subtropical crops.

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Since 2019, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the National Agency for Management of Life-Sustaining Treatment has been conducting surveys of public awareness of the system for making decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment (LST). The purpose of these surveys is to ascertain public awareness of the system and to identify ways to improve it. In 2020, for the first time since the system’s implementation, a survey was conducted on those who used either Registry Agencies for Advance Directives or medical institutions with ethics committees established according to the system for making decisions to forego LST. The mobile user survey of 1,426 people was conducted from November 2 to 23, 2020. In this article, we derive five policy suggestions based on the survey results: (1) A public education program on the end of life should be developed; (2) Systematic consumer-tailored public relations strategies should be implemented to better promote the system. (3) Registry agencies and medical institutions should be encouraged to increase user accessibility to the system; (4) Counseling aids, such as explanatory materials and various information delivery tools, should be provided for better decision-making on LST; and (5) A communication channel should be opened with the public.