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Objective: Catalase (CAT) activity is likely to be affected by functional polymorphism of C-262T (rs1001179) in the CAT gene (OMIM: 115500). It is hypothesized that individuals with the lower expressing forms of the CAT polymorphism may be more susceptible to breast cancer. In order to find the allelic frequency of the C-262T polymorphism among Iranian populations, the present study was carried out.Methods: The total study subjects consisted of 1057, 200, and 200 individuals from Shiraz (Fars province; belong to Persians), Abarku (Yazd province; belong to Persians), and Yasuj (Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad province; belong to Lurs), respectively. Genotypic analysis for the CAT C-262T polymorphism was determined by PCR.Results: The frequency of the T allele was 0.2044±0.0138, 0.1825±0.0193, and 0.1800±0.0192 in Shiraz, Abarku, and Yasuj, respectively. The genotypic frequencies of the control subjects did not show significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between these populations for the genotypic distributions of the CAT C-262T polymorphism (χConclusion: The frequency of the T allele among Iranian populations was very similar to that reported for Caucasians and was higher than Asians and African-American populations.