About 50% of infertility problems are related to male factors and reduced sperm motility. The important factor that affects the structure and function of sperm is reactive oxygen species (ROS), and over-concentration of ROS reduces the quality and motility of sperm. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is useful in oxidative stress restoration. It plays a therapeutic role in disorders such as asthenospermia, oligospermia cases, and cryopreserved sperm. It also enhances the metabolic capacity of sperm and increases the low-level and non-harmful intracellular content of Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO), and ROS in the stressed cells. Likewise, it modulates survival intracellular pathways and maintains the motility, viability, DNA, and acrosome integrity of sperm. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of semen PBMT.

Progressive loss of neuronal function, brain atrophy, and abnormal protein deposition are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs affect various parts of the brain and have various etiologies. Despite massive attempts to discover treatments for NDs during the past decades, there is still a need for effective therapeutic agents. Sertoli Cells (SCs), whether transplanted as allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, could offer a feasible opportunity for improving graft persistence by secreting immunomodulatory and trophic substances which shield replaced cells and tissues from the immune system. To date, there is no coherent information about the neuroprotective effects of SCs transplantation on NDs. Hence, this review tried to evaluate and report coherent information on the neuroprotective effects of these cells on NDs in preclinical settings. In this systematic review, the databases including, Scopus, PubMed, and ISI WEB of science were considered as a motor engine to search and get the relevant scientific articles and full text published between 2000 to 2022. Our search revealed 9 related articles on the effectiveness of SCs transplantation on NDs. Here, most of the evidence shows that SCs transplantation has promising effects on improving the symptoms of neurological diseases in rats. most of these relevant studies emphasize that many standardized preclinical trials should be conducted to provide reliable statistical evidence to confirm the application of SCs transplantation and the improvement of symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.

Weakened wound healing is a popular, severe complication of patients with diabetes which poses a risk for foot infection and amputation. Researchers have searched for new treatments for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in recent years. In this case report, for the first time, we applied photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and Altrazeal powder together to treat a severe case of DFU in a 47-year-old woman who was suffering from type 1 diabetes. Along with the progress of combination therapy, we observed that the ulcer area was significantly reduced, and the wound healed within 16 weeks. Furthermore, dermatitis and purulent secretion were treated, and the pain was reduced. This reported case study indicated the beneficial effect of the combination of PBMT and Altrazeal powder for the healing of a severe DFU in a patient with type one diabetes. The combined application of PBMT plus Altrazeal powder demonstrated an additive effect. Further clinical trials in the clinical setting are suggested to validate the results further. Besides, more studies in preclinical models are suggested to find the mechanism of the action of combination therapy.