Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with CKD remains underexplored. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the association between the DII, risk of CKD, and kidney stone formation using the data from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study conducted in Kermanshah, Iran. The cross-sectional study was conducted using the recruitment phase data of the RaNCD cohort study comprising 9,824 individuals with an age range of 35–65 years. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to evaluate the association between diet and DII scores. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Cr) level. CKD was defined based on eGFR. The prevalence of kidney stones was evaluated by participants’ self-report. A total of 1,791 participants (18.24%) had kidney stones, while a majority were in the first quartile (27.69%). Out of 9,824 subjects, 1,747 subjects (eGFR: 18.50 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% CI: 17.72–19.30) had CKD. A significant trend for eGFR across all quartiles (Qs) of DII was observed. The odds ratio of CKD in the fourth quartile (pro-inflammatory diet) was 4.38-times higher than in the first quartile (anti-inflammatory diet) of DII (95% CI = 3.58–5.36). Women were found to be more likely to have less eGFR than men in the DII Qs. Collectively, the findings indicated that consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a high occurrence of CKD. As a matter of interest, the results also revealed that a pro-inflammatory diet had no significant correlation with kidney stone development.

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BackgroundLifestyle and its relationship to aspects of sleep quality have been reported in many studies. An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with less sleep duration and sleep patterns. Breakfast skipping is as an important part of unhealthy lifestyle. Poor sleep quality and skipping breakfast are common in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional habits (breakfast and midmorning snack) and sleep quality in Yazd adolescents. MethodsThis study was conducted among 569 students aged 12-16 years. They were selected by multistage random-cluster sampling method. Information such as demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, students' nutritional habits, physical activity and sleep quality were collected from all adolescents. All data were assessed by interview, 7-day food record, short form of the International Physical Activity, and Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). ResultsThe prevalence of breakfast skipping and semi-skipping (57.2%), overweight and obesity (37.8%), and insu cient sleep duration (38.9%) were high. The sleep score was signi cantly better in boys (p = 0.02).Sleep quality score of 63.7 % of the students was poor, but a signi cant relationship was not illustrated between sleep quality with breakfast frequency, abnormal weight, breakfast time, morning snack intake. A signi cant relationship was found between poor sleep quality with late bedtime and low physical activity (p <0.0001), late dinner (p <0.004), and female gender (p <0.02). ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study supported the association between having dinner soon and no late bedtime with good sleep quality. But no signi cant difference was shown between sleep quality with weight and breakfast habits. This study suggested paying more attention to nutritional and sleeping status in this age group by employing skilled nutritionists and mental health professional in high schools.Data presented by mean and standard deviation (SD).

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