The Neolithic and Bronze Ages were highly transformative periods for the genetic history of Europe but for the Aegean—a region fundamental to Europe’s prehistory—the biological dimensions of cultural transitions have been elucidated only to a limited extent so far. We have analysed newly generated genome-wide data from 102 ancient individuals from Crete, the Greek mainland and the Aegean Islands, spanning from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. We found that the early farmers from Crete shared the same ancestry as other contemporaneous Neolithic Aegeans. In contrast, the end of the Neolithic period and the following Early Bronze Age were marked by ‘eastern’ gene flow, which was predominantly of Anatolian origin in Crete. Confirming previous findings for additional Central/Eastern European ancestry in the Greek mainland by the Middle Bronze Age, we additionally show that such genetic signatures appeared in Crete gradually from the seventeenth to twelfth centuries bc, a period when the influence of the mainland over the island intensified. Biological and cultural connectedness within the Aegean is also supported by the finding of consanguineous endogamy practiced at high frequencies, unprecedented in the global ancient DNA record. Our results highlight the potential of archaeogenomic approaches in the Aegean for unravelling the interplay of genetic admixture, marital and other cultural practices.

This paper, introduces a new approach for the automated reconstructionreassembly of fragmented objects having one surface near to plane, on the basis of the 3D representation of their constituent fragments. The whole process starts by 3D scanning of the available fragments. The obtained representations are properly processed so that they can be tested for possible matches. Next, four novel criteria are introduced, that lead to the determination of pairs of matching fragments. These criteria have been chosen so as the whole process imitates the instinctive reassembling method dedicated scholars apply. The first criterion exploits the volume of the gap between two properly placed fragments. The second one considers the fragments" overlapping in each possible matching position. Criteria 3, 4 employ principles from calculus of variations to obtain bounds for the area and the mean curvature of the contact surfaces and the length of contact curves, which must hold if the two fragments match. The method has been applied, with great success, both in the reconstruction of objects artificially broken by the authors and, most important, in the 2 virtual reassembling of parts of wall-paintings belonging to the Mycenaic civilization (c.1300 BC.), excavated highly fragmented in Tyrins, Greece.

In 1981 an unplundered Mycenaean chamber tomb was excavated at Krini NW of Patras. Two separate layers of burials were found in the chamber, and its use is dated from LH III A to the middle of LH III C. The LH III C warrior's burial is of particular interest. It was furnished with a bronze Naue II sword, which has preserved in good condition its scabbard, made of wood and leather and decorated with bronze strips and studs. The warrior's burial and its furnishings are studied here in relation to the other LH III C warrior burials known from the Patras region, and their significance is discussed. The analysis of the pottery found in the tomb gives evidence for the existence and dating of local pottery workshops active in the region.

This is the fourth and final part of the series inspired by the rediscovery in  of two skeletons excavated in  in Shaft Grave VI in Circle A at Mycenae by Panayiotis Stamatakis. The contribution of Stamatakis to the excavations, the discrepancies between his unpublished reports to the Archaeological Society and Schliemann's account, and the reliability of that account, are discussed. This is followed by a survey of what can now be said about Grave Circle A, following the restudy of the surviving bones from Graves III-VI and the publication of various details of the arrangement in the graves reported by Stamatakis, and by a final somewhat speculative discussion of what the graves contribute to the study of the development of Mycenae at the time of its rapid rise to prominence and the accompanying major changes in the structure of society, at Mycenae and elsewhere on the Greek mainland.The Annual of the British School at Athens, , , pp. - © The Council, British School at Athens doi:./S

Building work at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens in 2003 led to the rediscovery of the two male skeletons from Shaft Grave VI at Mycenae, found by Panayiotis Stamatakis in 1877 as he completed the excavation of Grave Circle A begun by Schliemann. The find provided a triple opportunity. First came a re-assessment of Stamatakis's important and often pioneering role both at Mycenae and in the archaeology of the later Bronze Age, which has generally been overlooked both because of Schliemann's very vocal antagonism and because of his own overwork and early death. Second, a detailed study of the skulls along with the post-cranial bones allowed a reconstruction of the faces of the two men to set beside the earlier reconstructions of the faces of seven individuals from Grave Circle B. This showed that although the two men were very likely related to each other, one could not demonstrate kinship with any of the seven faces from Circle B on the basis of their facial appearance alone. Finally – to be described in subsequent articles – it opened the way for the first modern morphological and chemical analysis (using strontium isotope ratios) of the entire collection of surviving human skeletal material from Grave Circle A to determine the number of individuals represented, their biological sex and their age at death. By assessing the quality of their living conditions as reflected in their skeletal and dental health, and by exploring skeletal evidence of engagement in physical activities through activity-related modifications there was the opportunity to reconstruct the lifestyle of the men and women buried in the grave circle.Οικοδομικές δραστηριότητες στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο στην Αθήνα το 2003 οδήγησαν στην ανακάλυψη εκ νέου των δύο ανδρικών σκελετών από το Λακκοειδή Τάφο VI, που αττοκάλυψε ο Παναγιώτης Σταματάκης το 1877 με την ολοκλήρωση της ανασκαφής του Ταφικού Κύκλου Α, η οποία ξεκίνησε από τον Heinrich Schliemann. Αυτό το εύρημα μας έδωσε μία τριπλή ευκαιρία. Πρώτον, επαναξιολογήθηκε ο σημανηκός και συχνά πρωτοποριακός ρόλος, που διαδραμάτισε ο Σταματάκης στις Μυκήνες και την αρχαιολογία της ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού. Ο ρόλος του αυτός γενικά παραβλέφθηκε εξαιτίας τόσο του έντονου ανταγωνισμού εκ μέρους του Schliemann όσο κοα του υπερβολικού φόρτου εργασίας αλλά και του πρώιμου θανάτου του Σταματάκη. Δεύτερον, η λεπτομερής μελέτη των κρανίων και μετα-κρανιακών οστών επέτρεψε την αποκατάσταση των προσώπων των δύο ανδρών και τη σύγκρισή τους με τα πρόσωπα επτά ατόμων από τον Ταφικό Κύκλο Β, τα οποία είχαν νωρίτερα αποκατασταθεί. Αυτή η σύγκριση έδειξε ότι παρά την πιθανή συγγένεια των δύο ανδρών του τάφου VI, δεν μπορεί να υποστηριχθεί ανάλογη σχέση μεταξύ αυτών και των επτά προσώπων από τον Ταφικό Κύκλο Β με μόνο κρντήριο τα φυσιογνωμικά τους χαρακτηριστικά. Τέλος, όπως θα παρουσιαστεί σε επόμιενα άρθρα, η μελέτη αυτή άνοιξε το δρόμο για την πρώτη σύγχρονη μορφολογική και χημική ανάλυση (της ισοτοπικής αναλογίας του στροντίου) ολόκληρης της συλλογής ανθρωπίνων σκελετικών υπολειμμάτων από τον Ταφικό Κύκλο Α, με στόχο τον προσδιορισμό του αριθμού των αντιπροσωπευομένων ατόμων και τον καθορισμό του βιολογικού φύλου και της ηλικίας θανάτου αυτών. Αξιολογώντας την ποιότητα των συνθηκών διαβίωσης των ατόμων αυτών, όπως αυτή ανπκατροπτίζεται στη σκελετική και οδοντική τους υγεία, και εξετάζοντας σκελετικές μοφτυρίες yrn την ενασχόλησή τους με φυσικές δραστηριότητες κατέστη δυνατό να ανασυνθέσουμε τον τρόπο ζωής των ανδρών και γυναικών ττου είχαν ταφεί στον Ταφικό Κύκλο Α.