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Bottom ash (BA) is a waste categorized as B3, so the disposal process requires special handling and costs. The use of coal as fuel which is increasing in various industries, especially the textile industry, has caused BA generation to be an interesting issue to study. On the other hand, economic activities and production in the urban area leaves problems in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper aims to utilize both of two wastes to become a fuel product as well as being one of the solutions to environmental problems. The method used in this study is the manufacture of briquettes made from BA and fermented of MSW called Biomass Coal Fermented (BCF) briquettes. Briquette printing uses starch adhesive. The formulation used is 60% BA and 40% MSW. The briquette product then is tested in the boiler-1 of textile industry with a fluidized bed type where the BA produced. The results showed that with a 10% substitution of briquettes on the use of coal, combustion efficiency increased by 48%. The results of air emission measurements show values below the air quality standard for particulates, SO2, and NO2. And when compared to boiler-2 without substitution (100% using the same coal) there was an increase in particulate matter and NO2 respectively by 28% and 2%. But there was a decrease in SO2 value as much as 67%. From the results of this temporary trial, the potential of BCF briquettes can be an alternative fuel in the industry while it could reduce the generating BA and MSW.

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Coal bottom ash was included in Hazardous and Toxic Waste (LB3), which requires seriously manage not to warm the environment and humans health. LB3 management becomes an obligation for the industry which producing it and being a burden in itself due to the project of waste utilization often regarded as the high-cost investment projects or less profitable. This study aims to conduct an economic assessment of pilot-scale projects to reuse bottom ash to support the clean industry strategy. The study mixed coal bottom ash with biomass from municipalities solid waste (MSW), called bio-coal fuel. These raw materials were combined with a composition 60%:40% weight (bottom ash: biomass) to be briquette form by adding amylum as a binder. This study used the benefit-cost analysis approach to assess economic feasibility. Tree indicators used in this study were net benefit-cost ratio, payback period, and return on investment. These indicators provided the company policy to continue or stop this project. The finding study showed that the company got a payback period and the net benefit from the ninth year. The company also achieved a net B/C ratio was more than one, and ROI was 1.09 times in the ninth year. The other beneficiaries acquired by the company was included external costs, such as risks from commitment failure by third parties in coal waste management, costs rising risk of purchasing coal, and given a positive value for providing employment.

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