IntroductionPatients with liver cirrhosis are at a higher risk of hospitalization. The present review aimed to assess the risk of thromboembolism and its burden on hospitalized cirrhotic patients.Materials and methodsA systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021256869) was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, and a manual search of references. It evaluated studies that compare cirrhotic patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) with cirrhotic patients without VTE or studies that compare cirrhotic patients with non-cirrhotic patients. No restrictions were set for the date of publication or language. The last search was conducted in June 2021.ResultsAfter selection, 17 studies were included from an initial search of 5,323 articles. The chronic liver disease etiologies comprise viral, alcohol, autoimmune, NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), cryptogenic, hemochromatosis, cholestasis, and drug-related. The included studies were conflicted regarding the outcomes of VTE, pulmonary embolism, or bleeding. Patients with cirrhosis associated with VTE had prolonged length of hospital stay, and patients with cirrhosis were at higher risk of portal thrombosis.ConclusionIn-hospital cirrhotic patients are a heterogeneous group of patients that may present both thrombosis and bleeding risk. Clinicians should take extra caution to apply both prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation strategies.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42021256869].

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is group of widespread gram-negative bacillus organized in over 20 phylogenetically distinct bacterial species. According to previous studies, BCC species pathogens are widely reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but not in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this case report, a 42-year-old male patient with DM and a foot infection caused by BCC is presented. The patient was hospitalized after antibiotic treatment failure and improved after two surgical debridement procedures and a high-dose extended infusion (EI) of meropenem. The team of vascular surgeons and the infectious disease specialists worked fervently to solve the case. Finally, a scoping review was conducted to map BCC infections in patients with DM.

We hypothesized that biofilm production occurs on stainless steel when incubated with tissue specimens in thioglycolate broth media (TBM). In a diabetic foot infection (DFI) cohort, applying the Kirschner wire and conventional methods were more sensitive than applying only the latter (CI 90%; 0.167 versus 0.375).

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a widespread Gram-negative bacillus organized into more than 20 phylogenetically bacterial species. According to previous publications, BCC species are widely described pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) but not in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study presents a case report of a diabetic foot infection (DFI) caused by BCC in a 42-year-old male patient hospitalized after an antibiotic treatment failure and the recommended drugs by the hospital. The patient improved after two surgical debridement procedures and a high-dose extended infusion (EI) of meropenem. The team of vascular surgeons and the infectologist worked fervently to solve the case. Finally, a scoping review was constructed to map the BCC infections in patients with DM.