Approximately 75% of the worldwide production of hard natural fibers originates from sisal, an industrial crop from arid and semiarid tropical regions. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sisal fiber, accounting for more than 40% of the worldwide production, and sisal bole rot disease has been the main phytosanitary problem of this crop. All previous studies reporting Aspergillus niger as the causal agent of the disease were based on the morphological features of fungal isolates from infected plant tissues in pure cultures. Black aspergilli are one of the most complex and difficult groups to classify and identify. Therefore, we performed an integrative analysis of this disease based on the isolation of black aspergilli from the endospheres and soils in the root zones of symptomatic adult plants, in vivo pathogenicity tests, histopathology of symptomatic plants, and molecular phylogeny and worldwide genetic variability of the causal agent. All sisal isolates were pathogenic and unequivocally produced symptoms of bole rot disease in healthy plants. In all tree-based phylogenetic methods used, a monophyletic group formed by A. welwitschiae along with all sisal isolates was retrieved. Ten A. welwitschiae haplotypes have been identified in the world, and three occur in the largest sisal-producing area. Most of the isolates are from a unique haplotype, present in only the sisal-producing region. A. welwitschiae destroyed parenchymatic and vascular cylinder cells and induced the necrosis of internal stem tissues. Therefore, sisal bole disease is probably the consequence of a saprotrophic fungus that opportunistically invades sisal plants and behaves as a typical necrotrophic pathogen.
As últimas conferências mundiais de meio ambiente e mudanças climáticas tiveram papel fundamental para difusão e inserção das energias renováveis na matriz elétrica mundial. Nesse contexto, as fontes renováveis de geração distribuída se destacam por apresentarem vantagens tanto no âmbito econômico quanto socioambiental. Este estudo analisa o contexto nacional e internacional da geração distribuída de energia solar fotovoltaica, através da comparação entre eles e proposição de estratégias para uma maior penetração e difusão desta modalidade de geração. É realizada também uma análise temporal da emissão de carbono na matriz elétrica, baseada principalmente na geração termelétrica, e verificada a projeção de emissões com base na evolução da geração distribuída, segundo o PDE 2026. A fim de materializar a redução da emissão, foi parametrizada e calculada a área em hectares de Mata Atlântica necessária para sequestrar dado volume de gás carbônico equivalente. As análises realizadas visam ampliar os estudos para expansão da participação da geração distribuída solar fotovoltaica na matriz elétrica.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.