A survey of Monomachus (Hymenoptera, Monomachidae) was carried out with five Malaise traps/area in five areas of Atlantic Rainforest in São Paulo State, Brazil. The sampling effort in all localities amounted to 9,900 traps-day. Data were obtained from a total of 304 exemplars of Monomachus: 66 females and 238 males. The highest occurrence of Monomachus was observed between June and September with a frequency peak in July, and they were most frequent in Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD) (350 m above sea level), where the sampling effort to catch each exemplar was 65.1 traps-day. From the sample of females of Monomachus captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar/Núcleo Santa Virgínia (PESM/NSV), PEMD and Estação Ecológica Juréia Itatins, between December 2009 and December 2010, two species were recognized: M. fuscator (N = 58 / 87.9 %) and M. cubiceps (8 / 12.1 %). In additional samplings in 2011 at PESM/NSV two exemplars of M. klugii recorded only from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil were obtained, showing that its distribution has extended to São Paulo State.

No abstract

En los últimos años se ha venido desarrollando una conciencia ambientalista y se ha generalizado la creen-cia de que la mayoría de los manejos que se dan en plantaciones agrícolas afectan la calidad del medio, la cual puede ser medida a través de poblaciones de lombrices.

Los videojuegos nunca pueden ser arte. Con creaciones artísticas como un cuento, una novela, una obra de teatro, una danza [o] una película, no se puede ganar; solo puedes experimentarlos.

Farmers have observed reduced early growth of corn in the presence of tansymustard [Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.], a winter annual weed of the Brassicaceae family. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tansymustard on corn (Zea mays L.) emergence and early growth. Treatments included corn growing in pots with only tansymustard root residue, with only tansymustard shoot residue, and with whole tansymustard plant residue (roots plus shoots); tansymustard plants treated with glyphosate 2 days after planting (DAP) corn seeds; and a control (no tansymustard residue). Corn emergence was recorded and biomass measured after 4 weeks of growth. Time to 50% corn emergence was delayed by 1 to 2 days when tansymustard plants were treated with glyphosate. The number of emerged corn plants per pot, total corn biomass per pot, and corn height were not influenced by the presence of tansymustard residue, leading to the conclusion that relatively low quantities of tansymustard residue had no effect on corn growth in this study. The stunted corn development observed by farmers in the field may be due to competition rather than allelopathy, since tansymustard is often controlled several days after crop emergence.