ResumenEl sitio arqueológico Isla Lechiguanas 1 está ubicado en el sur de la isla homónima, en el Departamento de Gualeguay, al sur de la provincia de Entre Ríos, frente a la costa bonaerense. Se reconocieron dos unidades arqueológicas separadas por un conchero natural de Ampullariasp. que actuó como un sello estratigráfi co entre ambos componentes. El nivel superior, datado en 408 ± 30 añosC14 AP,posee abundantes restos óseos y cerámica lisa e incisa, mientras que el nivel inferior no posee cerámica. En este nivel se recuperaron numerosos desechos de manufactura, instrumentos óseos y una importante colección faunística que es objeto de análisis en este trabajo. Dos fechados radiocarbónicos obtenidos en este nivel arrojaron una antigüedad de 2267 ± 34 años C 14 AP y 2296 ± 34 años C 14 AP. La fauna recuperada está representada por los taxones actuales del área y del sector continental bonaerense, indicando el desarrollo de rangos amplios de captura y el establecimiento de una oferta similar a la actual a mediados del Holoceno tardío. Se discuten diversos aspectos relacionados con la tendencia regional del registro faunístico, las variaciones espacio-temporales de la subsistencia humana durante el Holoceno y la representación esqueletaria de algunas especies presentes en el depósito. Palabras claves: Arqueología, Delta del Paraná, Islas Lechiguanas, Efecto reservorio. AbstractThe archaeological site IslasLechiguanas 1 is located in the homonymous island, in the Department of Gualeguay, South of Entre Rios Province, in front of the fl uvial coast of Buenos Aires Province. Two archaeological units were recognized, separated by a natural shell midden of Ampullaria sp. In the upper level, dated in 408 ± 30 14 CYBP, plentiful faunal remains and smooth and incised potterywere recovered. In the lower level, which is the main focus of this paper, there is no pottery, but it contains a large amount of faunal remains and bone tools. Two radiocarbon ages were obtained in this layer: 2267 ± 34 14 C YBP and 2296 ± 34 14 C YBP. The fauna recovered in this level is represented by current or recently extinct species of the local wetland and from the neighboring pampa plain, indicating the development of broad ranges of capture and the establishment of a similar offer to the current in the fi nal period of the third millennium before present. We discuss some aspects related to the regional trend of archaeofaunal record and its spatial and temporal variations during the Late Holocene.
Se analiza la explotación de ungulados por parte de los grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon el sector centro-oriental de la región Pampeana durante la fase final del Holoceno tardío (<2000 años AP). Para ello, consideramos las características eto-ecológicas de los principales taxa explotados (Lama guanicoe, Blastocerus dichotomus y Ozotoceros bezoarticus) y comparamos la información arqueofaunística procedente de dos sitios arqueológicos situados en dos de las unidades del paisaje que integran la región bajo estudio. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, mediante la aplicación de diferentes índices, se postulan distintas hipótesis con el fin de establecer y discutir similitudes y diferencias relacionadas con la importancia económica que adquirieron dichas presas y las modalidades utilizadas para su procesamiento y consumo.
In this paper, we present an analysis of the exploitation of medium‐sized deer in the lower Paraná wetland by pre‐Columbian hunter‐gatherers. To achieve this goal, we developed an osteometric frame of reference for the proper identification of hunted medium‐sized deer, and the sex and age of captured individuals. An analysis of 13 archaeofaunal assemblages showed that Ozotoceros bezoarticus (“pampas deer”) was the medium‐sized deer that was hunted with exclusivity. The presence of Mazama gouazoubira (“brown brocket deer”; “gray brocket deer”), which could have been another potentially hunted medium‐sized deer, is absent from the record, although this area is indicated as being its southernmost distribution range in South America. These results restrict the distribution of this species to a more northern sector of this large wetland. The hunted individuals of O. bezoarticus are all older than 2 years of age, and preferentially males, although some methodological bias could be influencing these results. Issues related to sex‐age selectivity in capturing these animals are discussed according to the development of conservation strategies for local resources.
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