Due to the low chemical control effectiveness of citrus black spot, caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa at postharvest, and to the search for alternative control methods, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on G. citricarpa. It was observed that the yeast strains evaluated acted as antagonists by VOC production, whose maximum inhibitory capacity was as high as 87.2%. The presence of fermentable carbon sources in the medium was essential for the bioactive VOC production by the yeast. The analysis of VOCs produced in PDA medium by SPME-GC-MS indicated the presence of high quantities of alcohols as well as esters. An artificial VOC mixture prepared on the basis of the composition of the VOCs mimicked the inhibitory effects of the natural VOCs released by S. cerevisiae. Thus, the VOCs produced by the yeast or the artificial mixtures can be a promising control method for citrus black spot or others postharvest diseases.
As doenças pós-colheita representam um sério obstáculo à citricultura, uma vez que comprometem a qualidade e quantidade dos frutos colhidos. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar as injúrias pós-colheita de frutos de laranja 'Pêra', 'Lima' e 'Natal' e de tangor 'Murcott', destinados ao mercado interno, após diferentes etapas do beneficiamento em "packinghouse". Foram coletados cem frutos na chegada ao "packinghouse", na banca de embalagem e no palete, após embalamento em caixas de madeira. Os frutos foram individualizados e submetidos à câmara úmida por 24 horas, permanecendo por mais 20 dias a 25ºC e 85% de umidade relativa. A incidência de podridões foi avaliada visualmente após a retirada da câmara úmida e a cada três dias. Os patógenos fúngicos encontrados tiveram a patogenicidade confirmada através da inoculação em frutos sadios. Não houve diferença significativa na incidência de doenças pós-colheita nas diferentes fases do processamento nas variedades Lima e Natal. Na variedade Pêra e no tangor 'Murcott', a incidência de doenças foi menor nas amostras coletadas na chegada ao "packinghouse". O bolor verde (Penicillium digitatum) foi a principal doença encontrada nos diferentes frutos cítricos. Outras doenças importantes foram a antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), as podridões pedunculares (Lasiodiplodia theobromae e Phomopsis citri) e a podridão azeda (Geotrichum candidum).
Abstract:The ability to control the assembly of nanoparticles on substrates used in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy continues to drive research in the field of nanofabrication. Here we describe the use of fungi as soft biotemplates to fabricate nanostructured microtubules with gold and gold-silver nanoparticles with potential applications as sensors and biosensors. In the first step, spores of the filamentous fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum were inoculated in a suspension of gold nanoparticles, forming stable microtubules of gold nanoparticles during fungus growth. These materials were exposed to a second suspension of silver nanoparticles, resulting in complexes multilayers structures of gold and silver nanoparticles, which were evaluated as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using small amounts of thiophenol as probe molecules directly on the microtubules. Both gold and the gold-silver substrates provide the SERS effect.
Ao Professor Sérgio F. Pascholati pela valiosa oportunidade fornecida, orientação, respeito e amizade com que me acolheu. Ao Dr. Marcel Spósito (FUNDECITRUS), pelo apoio e sugestões no início do projeto. À Dra. Sylvia Dias Guzzo, pela amizade, sugestões e apoio. Aos Professores Dr. Ângelo Jacomino e Dr. Ricardo Kluge, pela disponibilidade das instalações do Laboratório de Fisiologia Pós-colheita. Ao grupo Fischer, pelo apoio e disponibilidade nas pesquisas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.