objective. This study was conducted to investigate factors associated with delay in sputum conversion at first and second months during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment.           Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in multicentre at primary care clinics in the district of kuala lipis pahang among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 2015-2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related data on patients' medical charts were collected using a standardized data collection form. Results. This study enrolled 147 participants with a mean age of 47.34 years. The sputum conversion rate at the end of the second month was 78.9%. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict the factors that influence the delay in sputum conversion. The results found a statistically significant association (p <0.05) to those patients with diabetes mellitus (aor 2.51) during the 1st and 2nd months (aor 1.52), smokers (aor 2.66) during the 1st and 2nd months (aor 4.56), being underweight (aor 4.56) at 1st month and (aor 3.34) at 2nd month and hiv positive status during the 1st month (aor 1.18) and 2nd month (aor 2.406) were found to be predicted factors that influencing with delayed sputum smear conversion at 1st and 2nd month during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment.

---Background Maternal overweight and obesity are considered as one of the obstetric risk factors of many health problems, and physical activity is viewed as one of the strategies in promoting a healthier pregnancy. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to study the effects of physical activity on various pregnancy-related outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women. Methodology Three online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published between the years 2010 and 2021. The articles that reported the effect of physical activity on maternal and/or fetal outcomes were retrieved. The study characteristics and the data on health outcomes were extracted. Effect estimates were calculated using relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD), and standardized mean difference (SMD) with a random-effect model and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eleven studies were included for the statistical meta-analysis study. Physical activity was observed to significantly reduced GWG by 0.89 kg (95% CI = -1.63 to -0.14, P=0.02) and no significant results were found for other maternal and fetal outcomes measured. Conclusion Physical activity-only intervention shown to be beneficial in improving gestational weight gain, and appear to have promising results towards promoting good pregnancy-related health outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women overall.