Restrictions in face-to-face contact during the COVID-19 pandemic have necessitated the conversion to online teachinglearning activities. To assess relevant competencies of a Master's in Clinical Pharmacy student cohort, an online tele-objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was developed and conducted using Microsoft Teams®. Afterward, a survey was conducted to determine the acceptance of tele-OSCE by students and faculty members. Students' performance was also compared to a previous cohort that underwent face-to-face OSCE. The majority of students generally agreed that tele-OSCE was operationally easy to undertake (94.0%) and did not deter their exam performance. The majority of faculty members also generally agreed that the online platform did not deter the assessment of students' performance and a minority disagreed on the ease of assessing counselling tasks or calculation work (13.0%). There was no statistically significant difference in students' overall scores between the tele-OSCE and the face-to-face cohort (p > 0.05). A thoughtfully planned tele-OSCE is a feasible method of examination that allows acceptable assessment of attained clinical competencies when social distancing measures are mandated. Stakeholders should look towards fortifying IT and online platform access to support optimal emergency remote teaching.

objective. This study was conducted to investigate factors associated with delay in sputum conversion at first and second months during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment.           Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in multicentre at primary care clinics in the district of kuala lipis pahang among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 2015-2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related data on patients' medical charts were collected using a standardized data collection form. Results. This study enrolled 147 participants with a mean age of 47.34 years. The sputum conversion rate at the end of the second month was 78.9%. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict the factors that influence the delay in sputum conversion. The results found a statistically significant association (p <0.05) to those patients with diabetes mellitus (aor 2.51) during the 1st and 2nd months (aor 1.52), smokers (aor 2.66) during the 1st and 2nd months (aor 4.56), being underweight (aor 4.56) at 1st month and (aor 3.34) at 2nd month and hiv positive status during the 1st month (aor 1.18) and 2nd month (aor 2.406) were found to be predicted factors that influencing with delayed sputum smear conversion at 1st and 2nd month during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment.

During COVID-19 pandemic, clinical pharmacy attachments were discouraged in order mitigate the spread of infection. Low-fidelity simulation allows experience of approximate actual environment of learning with lower resource utilisation. The use of online low-fidelity ward simulation to complement learning of clinical pharmacy was explored as adaptation to missed experiential learning. Methods:A low-fidelity simulation exercise that modelled activities of a clinical pharmacist practicing in the medical ward was designed. 68 final year pharmacy students from the University of Cyberjaya were assigned to a simulated 5-bedded medical ward on Microsoft Teams. Students undertook various core tasks of the pharmacist including medical reconciliation, participating in ward rounds, proposing pharmaceutical care interventions, documenting in medical records and medication counselling. An online pre-and post-survey was conducted to assess anticipated and actual usefulness of the designed activity. Open text answer regarding main activity contributing to increased confidence was permitted. Results:68 students completed the pre-and 55 students completed the post-simulation survey. Matched-pair analysis were conducted for complete pairs. Overall, students perceived improved skills in clinical pharmacy care provision except in patient communication and resolving drug-related problems.Emergent themes from open text answers were "ward rounds with simulated physician" "identifying pharmaceutical care interventions and recommending solutions" "answering physician inquiries" and "medication reconciliation" The answers demonstrate appreciation of interaction and achievement of tasks in building confidence. 47% students preferred interactive face-to-face as simulation, 38% preferred interactive online simulation and 13% had no preference. Only 9% reported experiencing moderate technological difficulties. Conclusions:Online ward simulation was perceived useful to gain knowledge and skills in pharmaceutical care provision towards medical patients. Learning activities should incorporate interaction with other simulated healthcare providers and allow a sense of achievement.

Vaccination is regarded as one of the greatest public health achievements and one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent childhood major illnesses and mortality. However, despite being recognized as one of the most successful public health measures, vaccination is perceived as unsafe and unnecessary by a growing number of individuals that lead to vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to determine public level of knowledge, attitudes and hesitancy towards child vaccination in Cyberjaya, Selangor. This study also aimed to measure the association between level of knowledge and attitudes with different respondents’ demographic data. Another aim of this study is to measure correlation between knowledge and attitudes with hesitancy towards child vaccination. A guided self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and hesitancy of the respondents. This cross-sectional study involved 300 respondents identified from the public. Majority of the respondents were females (65.0%), age between 18-29 years (74.7%), Malay (82.3%), Muslim (84.0%), with tertiary education level (78.7%), students (50.0%) and unmarried (70.7%). This study found that the respondents had an overall poor knowledge towards child vaccination (mean knowledge score = 51.3 ± 20.1).

---Background Maternal overweight and obesity are considered as one of the obstetric risk factors of many health problems, and physical activity is viewed as one of the strategies in promoting a healthier pregnancy. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to study the effects of physical activity on various pregnancy-related outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women. Methodology Three online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published between the years 2010 and 2021. The articles that reported the effect of physical activity on maternal and/or fetal outcomes were retrieved. The study characteristics and the data on health outcomes were extracted. Effect estimates were calculated using relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD), and standardized mean difference (SMD) with a random-effect model and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eleven studies were included for the statistical meta-analysis study. Physical activity was observed to significantly reduced GWG by 0.89 kg (95% CI = -1.63 to -0.14, P=0.02) and no significant results were found for other maternal and fetal outcomes measured. Conclusion Physical activity-only intervention shown to be beneficial in improving gestational weight gain, and appear to have promising results towards promoting good pregnancy-related health outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women overall.