Pollen and radiocarbon data from Novaya Zemlya and the Kara Sea Region suggest that the hypothetical Panarctic Ice Sheet (Denton and Hughes, 1981) never existed in this area, at least during the last 16 000 years. Lateglacial tundra environments were slightly cooler and drier than the present ones, but there were also warmer intervals such as the Allerød, which were rather favourable for vegetation development. Better conditions existed during the early Holocene, when warm Atlantic air masses and sea currents gradually penetrated eastwards to the Kara Region.

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Abstract. The climate development of the Late Glacial/Holocene transition is one of the most riveting problem of environmental change under short-term cooling. This paper is devoted to a special reconstruction of climate and Vegetation in the Northern Eurasia with special reference to chronological level at 10,500 years b. p., i. e. just in the middle of the Younger Dryas . Reconstruction of Vegetation was based on detailed palaeo-climate maps with numeric estimation of temperature and precipitation parameters. Concluding results were affirmed by independent palaeodata.

Lacustrine sediments, 13 m thick, have been discovered under a Late Valdaian (Late Weichselian) moraine complex in a palaeokarst depression at Biržai, northern Lithuania. Wood fragments from silty layers in the basal part of the section were 14C dated at 34,440 ± 1500 (Vs‐412) and 33,460 ± 1060 BP (LU‐1633). Pollen analytical results suggest that taiga landscapes similar to the present‐day environments in the Pechora Basin and eastern Urals occurred on the southern cryogenic grounds. Evidently, the ice sheet did not penetrate into the eastern Baltic region during the Middle Valdaian interval.