Perforated cardboards were common and economic supports for embroidery in the Victorian Era. Despite their popularity, they had a brief life and are almost forgotten today. Different types of cardboard were chosen according to the materials and techniques to be applied. This article presents nineteenth century documentary sources on perforated cardboard and its use in various objects of everyday life. The types of cardboard, commercialization, decorative techniques and motifs and applied materials will be discussed.

Background: The Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT), located in the center of Portugal, has created the Academy of Science, Art and Heritage for children aged eight to fourteen, during their vacations, since 2013, with the aim to educate, stimulate creativity and learning through observation, experimentation and construction, by making available a scientific, diversified and happy learning environment. Purpose: This paper presents the work and challenges IPT Laboratories of Archaeology, Conservation and Restoration, Chemistry, Engineering, Graphic Arts, Physics, Photography and Tourism were faced with in elaborating and run small practical workshops for two groups of up twelve children. Methods: With a duration of one and a half hour, the workshops run with the help of a teacher or technician, plus IPT student-monitors, and are organized to allow a space to learn how to perform, test, apply and/or be creative with the recently acquired knowledge. For a symbolic enrolment tuition, the children stay within IPT premises for a full day, and provided of lunch and two snacks.Results: The children increasingly interest for a laboratory environment work, the gradual developing of their skills, reasoning and motor dexterity capabilities, the group learning experience itself, the increasing interest and happiness of parents, and the positive IPT contribution for helping student-monitors financially, as well as the spreading of IPT work and knowledge towards the local population.Conclusions: The positive and increasingly high development of the children, and the beneficial interaction between a university environment and its local population.Keywords: Learning; Creativity; Experimentation; Leathership; Entrepreneurship; Interdisciplinarity

The Project Creative Conservation was developed at the Conservation and Restoration Laboratory / Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT) as a form to recover, preserve and show in a new way industrial remnants and derelicts, complying with welldefined criteria for collection and selection of those fragments. As a new concept, it needed to be experimented, so students were involved in its practice, which enabled theory demonstrations and maintained a dynamic university learning atmosphere. This paper presents the challenges posed to three Conservation and Restoration teachers: Different ways to explain new and controversial information, engaging students for the Creative Conservation concept, developing practical extra work, learning and improving hands-on skills, and to practice team-work within a Conservation Laboratory and a Museum environment. A series of three different workshops were designed as learning tools to allow students to develop conservation skills, discuss problem solving and practice "out of the box" thinking, under the Project Creative Conservation, within the specialties of ceramics, tiles, metal, plastics and paper remnants preservation. It was also provided the chance to create different exhibition methods, installation and exhibition display. A good percentage of students were enthusiastic and complied with the conservation challenges posed by teachers and by remnants themselves. The fragments were properly preserved and differently displayed in exhibitions. The IPT conservation teacher's competencies and enthusiasm towards teaching a different concept within a practical frame enabled students to broad their view in the conservation field and widen the classical approach to conservation and restoration.

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A permanent magnet axial-flux machine was designed, built, and tested. Numerical and analytical models were developed for the machine and comparisons were carried out. The analytical models rely on Lie's symmetries and the comparison results will be presented.