Objective:To determine through the systematic review the survival rate of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and previously diagnosed with arterial hypertension and/or diabetesDesign and method:A systematic review of the literature, in eight electronic and bibliographic databases, was conducted from July 8 to 21, 2020. Different combinations of the terms DECS and MESH were used as: (‘SARS-CoV-2’ OR ‘COVID-19’) AND (‘diabetes’ OR ‘arterial hypertension’) AND (‘Survival rate’ OR ‘Prevalence rates’). The selected articles are retrospective, single-center or multi-center, observational cohort studies of patients with COVID-19 disease who had diabetes and/or arterial hypertension. These were subjected to risk of bias assessment, with the help of critical and methodological guidelines (STROBE) and level of evidence (CEBM).Results:326 articles were analyzed by title and type of study, of which 20 were considered relevant. Finally, five retrospective cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria, made in Wuhan, China, were included in this review. All the selected studies affirm that diabetes and hypertension are related to a decrease in the survival rate in patients with COVID-19. Three studies with evidence level 2b and grade of recommendation B, mention factors related to an increase in the survival rate, these are: well-controlled blood glucose, which maintains glycemic variability within 70.26 to 180.16 mg/dL (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L), patients on pre-admission antihypertensive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 and diabetic patients who do not require insulin may have a lower risk of disease progression and a better prognosis. Additionally, two articles with evidence level 2b and grade of recommendation B, mention the survival rates of 10.6 and 13.9% for diabetics, while 18.8 and 23.4% for hypertensive patients.Conclusions:Based on the evidence included in this review, until now, having comorbidities predisposes patients with COVID-19 to a lower probability of survival. It is recommended to consider that adequate glycemic control and blood pressure are guidelines that benefit the recovery of these patients. However, more studies are needed to identify possible preventive and therapeutic strategies for a more comprehensive management of these patients.

Introduction: In postmenopausal women, metabolic responses to lipids during postprandial periods following combined exercise training are unknown. Objective: To examine the acute effects of resistance training (RT) and concurrent training (CT) on postprandial lipemia and glycemia in postmenopausal women. Methods: This quasi-experimental, exposure response study, linked 27 women who were randomly divided into three groups and evaluated for anthropometry, physical fitness, and nutrition status. Two experimental groups did a session of different types of physical activities (RT or CT), and a control group did not do any training activities (only aerobic exercise). At 12 hours post-training, in fasting conditions, a hypercaloric nutritional compound equivalent to 50% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of each woman was supplied. Pre and post hypercaloric intake, biochemical markers (lipemia and glycemia) were determined and compared with the control group. Results: A reduction in total energy expenditure was observed due to RT and CT training (p<0.005). The changes are associated with decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the RT group, as well as decreased triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein levels in the CT and aerobic exercise groups. Conclusion: RT and CT performed 12 hours before the consumption of the hyper caloric nutritional compound can change postprandial lipid and glucose levels. Acute physical training could influence the reduction of energy expenditure and the improvement of glycaemia and lipemia in postmenopausal women. Keywords: exercise; fitness; glycemia; lipemia; nutrition; postmenopausal; trainings.

Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en mujeres embarazadas se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública debido a las consecuencias que ocasiona no solo en la madre como consumidora, sino también en el producto de la gestación. Asimismo, el consumo de estas sustancias puede asociarse con algunas alteraciones en el desarrollo neurológico identificadas en la infancia, tales como los trastornos del comportamiento (trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y trastorno del espectro autista), los trastornos cognitivos y las alteraciones sensorio-motrices. Objetivos. Realizar una revisión sistemática exhaustiva sobre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo infantil asociados al consumo materno de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica en las bases de datos PubMed, ClinicalKey y ScienceDirect sobre artículos que hablaran acerca de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo asociados al consumo materno de sustancias psicoactivas durante la gestación y publicados en revistas indexadas en los últimos 10 años, con corte a junio 2021. Resultados. Se identificaron 357 artículos distribuidos así: 170 en PubMed, 150 en ScienceDirect y 37 en ClincialKey. Por criterios de exclusión se eliminaron 318, quedando para lectura completa 39 artículos: (18 de PubMed, 12 de ClinicalKey y 9 ScienceDirect). De estos, se excluyeron 32 por ser revisiones sistemáticas, ya que no son estudios primarios y se pretendía hacer la revisión sobre estudios de este tipo; por no contar con grupo control, y por tener desenlaces no relacionados con la pregunta PICO, quedando finalmente para evaluación de calidad siete artículos en los cuales los autores coinciden en que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de la madre durante la gestación constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo infantil. Conclusiones. Los estudios seleccionados, aunque eran heterogéneos, permitieron identificar la relación existente entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en las gestantes y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en sus hijos. Sin embargo, se recomienda seguir haciendo trabajos primarios que permitan obtener mayor evidencia científica relacionada con el tema o revisiones sistemáticas que incluyan estudios de un mismo diseño metodológico.

Objective:To determine through the systematic review which are the factors that determine adherence to pharmacological treatment in hypertensive patients.Design and method:Systematic review with the terms DeCS and MeSH: Medication adherence, treatment adherence, medication compliance, hypertension, hypertensive patients, factors associated, in different databases. We included cohort studies and systematic review studies. Articles were assessed at risk of bias, with the help of critical and methodological guidelines STROBE and Prism, and level of evidence (CEBM)Results:The factors associated with pharmacological adherence were: age greater than 45 years, greater knowledge of the disease, treatment and therapeutic adherence, high levels of self-efficacy and / or recognize low level of barriers, the factors associated with pharmacological non-adherence were: lower economic income, age less than 35 years, difficulty accessing health care, not having adequate follow-up of the disease, prescription of more than two types of antihypertensive drugs, diagnosis of hypertension less than 5 years, deficiency of knowledge of the disease, treatment and adherence, not trusting in the treatment or using alternative, complementary or traditional medicine.Conclusions:High blood pressure is a global public health problem associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which requires lifelong treatment. The main consequence of suffering from hypertension is the development of complications that deteriorate the patient’s quality of life and inevitably cause death. Therefore, adherence to pharmacological treatment is essential in the treatment of chronic diseases, particularly hypertension, the identification and understanding of the factors that modify adherence to treatment is key to adapt a better control of hypertensive patients. The findings of existing studies should be interpreted with caution due to their methodological limitations. The results of this study confirm that pharmacological adherence to the treatment of hypertension is due to a multiplicity of factors, such as: socioeconomic factors, related to access to health systems, therapy, related to the condition and the patient. Since some of these factors are modifiable, they may be the focus of interventions to increase medication adherence.

RESUMENIntroducción: la actividad física es una estrategia emanada desde la OMS, para el control del riesgo cardiovascular relacionado con el sedentarismo especialmente en condiciones que pueden ser vulnerables como es el caso de la discapacidad, especialmente física. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de actividad física de un grupo de personas en condición de discapacidad en Barranquilla, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo-observacional de corte transversal se trabajó con población diana (60 individuos) que acudían a un escenario deportivo de Barranquilla. Se utilizó el Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Se hizo análisis de estadísticas descriptivas con el software Epi Info 7.2.2.6. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 36 años; 85 % eran hombres y 15 %, mujeres; procedentes de estratos 1, 2 y 3, con mayor participantes del estrato 2 (48 %). Con respecto al nivel de actividad física, la mayoría de los individuos se ubicó en nivel vigoroso (38 %), seguido de nivel bajo (35 %) y nivel moderado (27 %). El 65 % de los individuos en situación de discapacidad tenía un nivel de actividad física óptimo que favorece su condición de salud. Conclusiones: la población objeto de estudio se caracterizó por ser de bajos recursos económicos pero además con barreras para la adopción de estilos de vida saludable, a pesar de ello presentan un alto nivel de actividad física, lo que indica que el estrato social y la discapacidad no son impedimentos para la práctica de la actividad física. Palabras clave: persona con discapacidad; actividad física; barreras arquitectónicas (DeCS). ABSTRACTBackground: Physical activity is a strategy issued by the WHO for the control of cardiovascular risk related to sedentary lifestyle, especially in conditions that may be vulnerable, such as disability, especially physical. Objective: determine the level of physical activity of a group of people with disabilities in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive-observational cross-sectional study was carried out with a target population (60 individuals) who attended a sports scene in Barranquilla. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Analysis of descriptive statistics was done with the Epi Info 7.2.2.6 software. Results: the average age was 36 years; 85% were men and 15% were women; from strata 1, 2 and 3, with the largest number of participants in stratum 2 (48%). With regard to the level of physical activity, most individuals were at a vigorous level (38%), followed by a low level (35%) and a moderate level (27%). 65% of the individuals in a situation of disability had an optimal level of physical activity that favors their health condition.