IntroductionIndonesia kick-started the big project of COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021 by employed vaccine to the president of Indonesia. The outbreak and rapid transmission of COVID-19 have endangered the global health and economy. This study aimed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates as 12 January 2021.MethodsAll data of isolates was extracted from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) EpiCoV database. CoVsurver was employed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of all isolates. Furthermore, this study also focused on the unlocking of mutation in Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates S protein. WIV04 isolate that was originated from Wuhan, China was used as a virus reference according to CoVsurver default. All data was visualized using GraphPad Prism software, PyMOL, and BioRender.ResultsThis study result showed that a full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates was successfully discovered. Every single mutation in S protein was described and then visualised by employing BioRender. Furthermore, it also found that D614G mutation appeared in 103 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates.ConclusionTo sum up, this study helps to observe the spread of the COVID-19 transmission. However, it would like to propose that the epidemiological surveillance and genomics studies might be improved on COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Background Indonesia has started the big project of COVID-19 vaccination program since 13 January 2021 by employing the first shot of vaccine to the President of Indonesia as the outbreak and rapid transmission of COVID-19 have endangered not only Indonesian but the global health and economy. This study aimed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates as of 12 January 2021. Results All data of the isolates were extracted from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) EpiCoV database. CoVsurver platform was employed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of all isolates. This study also focused on the phylogeny analysis in unlocking the mutation of S protein in Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates. WIV04 isolate that was originated from Wuhan, China was used as the virus reference according to the CoVsurver default. The result showed that a full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates was successfully generated. Every single mutation in S protein was described and then visualized by utilizing BioRender platform. Furthermore, it also found that D614G mutation appeared in 103 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Conclusions To sum up, this study helped to observe the spread of COVID-19 transmission. However, it also proposed that the epidemiological surveillance and genomics studies might be improved on COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) memberikan dampak luas dikarenakan risiko penularan virus SARS-COV-2 melalui kontak, droplet, dan kemungkinan airborne. Suatu tantangan bagi rumah sakit untuk menjamin mutu dan keselamatan. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, maka budaya keselamatan yang baik menjadi faktor kritikal untuk menjamin keselamatan baik pasien, pengunjung, maupun petugas rumah sakit. Komitmen Pimpinan dan dukungan seluruh staf khususnya staf klinis sangat diperlukan untuk terciptanya budaya keselamatan rumah sakit. Salah satunya pemenuhan standar layanan akreditasi rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan budaya keselamatan. Berdasarkan kondisi ini diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk mengukur sejauh mana standar akreditasi diimplementasikan untuk mendukung budaya keselamatan yang meliputi keselamatan pasien, keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja rumah sakit. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur budaya keselamatan staf klinis dengan prediktor yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi keselamatan pasien serta keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja di rumah sakit terakreditasi Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (KARS) yang menjadi rujukan Covid-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan cross-sectional study pada empat rumah sakit rujukan Covid-19 di DKI Jakarta diantaranya RSPAD Gatot Subroto, RSUP Persahabatan, RS Pusat Pertamina, dan RS Pertamina Jaya. Tiga variabel yang mempengaruhi budaya keselamatan yaitu iklim keselamatan, situasional, dan perilaku keselamatan. Responden adalah staf klinis berdasarkan jenis instalasi dan staf klinis di setiap rumah sakit yang dipilih secara acak. Kuesioner mengacu pada instrumen Standar Nasional Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (SNARS) edisi 1.1 dalam bentuk google form. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square sedangkan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari 560 responden yang terdiri dari instalasi dan staf klinis. Dari empat rumah sakit dihasilkan budaya keselamatan rumah sakit menurut 51,8% responden masuk dalam kategori baik dimana tiga dari sepuluh indikator yaitu kerjasama, lingkungan kerja, dan kepatuhan merupakan kategori baik dan dominan. Variabel situasional memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap budaya keselamatan (OR 4,46; 95% CI 2,67-7,42). Kepatuhan memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap keselamatan pasien (OR 5,59; 95% CI 3,27-9,56) dan manajemen risiko memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja (OR 5,59; 95% CI 3,29-9,49).  Kesimpulan: Variabel situasional memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap budaya keselamatan, baik keselamatan pasien maupun keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja. Indikator kepatuhan dan manajemen risiko merupakan indikator yang memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap budaya keselamatan.

Introduction:The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of one of the mediators of inflammation, the prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX allegedly can improve inflammation-induced pathological conditions.Aim:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential of Sargassum sp. components, Fucoidan and alginate, as COX inhibitors.Material and methods:The study was conducted by means of a computational (in silico) method. It was performed in two main stages, the docking between COX-1 and COX-2 with Fucoidan, alginate and aspirin (for comparison) and the analysis of the amount of interactions formed and the residues directly involved in the process of interaction.Results:Our results showed that both Fucoidan and alginate had an excellent potential as inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2. Fucoidan had a better potential as an inhibitor of COX than alginate. COX inhibition was expected to provide a more favorable effect on inflammation-related pathological conditions.Conclusion:The active compounds Fucoidan and alginate derived from Sargassum sp. were suspected to possess a good potential as inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2.

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong><em> </em><em>Virgin Coconut Oil </em>(VCO) is a functional product that is highly favored and have been widely applied in the everyday lives of society. The increase of the frequencies and duration of VCO consumption is suspected that VCO could negatively impact the target organ. The kidney is a vital organ in the human body, it is responsible for clearing out the residual waste products of metabolism in the body. The evalution of the kidney’s function can be done through the measurement of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of VCO administration on kidney function.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: 24 male wistar rats that are divided into 4 groups, which are listed as follows, K(-) or a negative-controlled group, P(1) or the first group of rats that are given VCO with a dose of 2mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day, P(2) or the second group of rats that are given VCO with a dose of 3mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day,  and P(3) or the third group of rats that are given VCO with a dose of 4mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day for 28 day</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Administrating<strong> </strong>VCO with a dose of 2mL/200gr and 3mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day does not affect the blood’s creatinine level while with a dose of 4mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day decreases the blood’s creatinine level. Administrating VCO with a dose of 2 mL/200gr, 3 mL/200gr, and 4 mL/200gr of the rats’ total BW/day does not affect the level of blood urea nitrogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of VCO dose of 4 mL / 200 g BW rat / day significantly decreased blood creatinine levels in experimental animals, while other doses did not affect the creatinine levels or blood urea nitrogen levels<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> <em>Virgin Coconout Oil </em>(VCO), cretinine, blood urea nitrogen.</p>