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There has been a limited evaluation of the efficacy of administered vitamin-D3 and bisphosphonate in a single pill (once-weekly) on changes of Bone Mineral Density (BMD), speciality in elderly people. To evaluate the changes in BMD, using Risedronate and vitamin D3, in patients from the first level of primary care after a period of more than 2 years of followup. An observational and retrospective cohort study, in a non-controlled, real-life setting nested to a database was designed. Records of participants between March-04-2008 and June-27-2012. Mexican patients from 21 Clinics of Family Medicine. The database is characterized by all patients received Risedronate (35 mg) and vitamin-D3 (2800 IU) combined in a single pill, administered once-weekly. BMD was determined in the distal portion of the radius bone using an Omnisense-7000S bone densitometer. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative probabilities. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox-proportional hazard-models. A total of 14,721 women were included. The mean time of treatment was 27.06 months (interquartile-range=26.00-29.00); the crude HR in patients with osteoporosis was 2.483 (95%CI 1.806-3.414) times higher than their counterparts with osteopenia. In relation to age, the increase in BMD was 26% higher (HR=0.739; 95%CI 0.712-0.766) in patients with 60 or more age than their counterparts aged ≤59 years. The duration of treatment with risedronate/vitamin D3 once-weekly depends on the target population and need strict monitoring of BMD particularly for those patients who have a treatment for more of 18 months due to the risk of decreased BMD.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its possible association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Exposure was HPV-infection. Results: 13234 females were analyzed [median of age=46], 1215 cases of diabetes (median of age=53) and 12019 cases without diabetes (median of age=45). There were 1495 (11.3%; 95%CI 10.8–11.8) new cases of HPV infection by any genotype, 234 (1.8%; 95%CI 1.5–2.0) by genotype-16, 102 (0.8%; 95%CI 0.8–0.8) by genotype-18, and 1279 (9.7%; 95%CI 9.2–10.1) by high risk (HR) genotypes. The global crude-prevalence by any genotype, and HR-genotypes was significantly lower (p=0.008) in subjects with diabetes compared with their counterparts without diabetes. The mean duration of follow-up was 1.1 years. The global crude-incidence rate of HPV-infection per 1000 person-years by any genotype, and genotypes-16, - 18, and -HR was 99.36, 15.55, 6.78, and 85.01, respectively. The crude hazard ratio of infection by HPV-18 genotype was higher in women with diabetes and age between 20-24y (HR=36.611; 95%CI 4.009-334.303, p=0.001), and 40-44y (HR=3.947; 95%CI 1.124-13.857, p=0.032) compared with their counterparts without diabetes. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of infection by HPV-genotype-18 in young adult woman.